Zohrevand Sajjad, Chaychi Zadeh Mohammad Amin, Farokhipour Ehsan, Erni Daniel, Komjani Nader
Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-1314, Iran.
General and Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ATE), University of Duisburg-Essen, and CENIDE-Center for Nano Integration Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 7;15(1):1149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85300-y.
The holographic technique is one of the simplest methods for designing antennas based on metasurface. This paper presents a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on the concept of impedance modulated metasurfaces by the anisotropic holographic technique. Instead of parasitic elements, anisotropic SSPP elements are exploited to achieve radiation with circular polarization. The characteristics of the SSPP elements are obtained by the aperture field estimate method. The hologram surface consists of hollow cross-bars unit cells. The anisotropy of each unit cell is achieved by combining the transformation optic method and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A major challenge of the SSPP LWA based on modulated impedance surfaces is to find a suitable excitation technique. This study proposes a waveguide strip line launcher for excitation to minimize interference on the radiation pattern beam. The designed launcher provides a good impedance matching from 8 to 20 GHz, with an impedance bandwidth of 142%. The peak gain, radiation efficiency, axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, and side lobe level at the design frequency of 18 GHz are 19.7dBi, 93%, 11%, and - 12.1 dB, respectively. After optimizations and simulations are conducted using MATLAB and CST software, the proposed antenna is fabricated, and its radiation characteristics are measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, indicating the high validity of the method.
全息技术是基于超表面设计天线的最简单方法之一。本文提出了一种基于各向异性全息技术的阻抗调制超表面概念的类表面等离激元极化激元（SSPP）漏波天线（LWA）。利用各向异性SSPP元件而非寄生元件来实现圆极化辐射。通过孔径场估计方法获得SSPP元件的特性。全息图表面由空心横杆单元组成。每个单元的各向异性通过结合变换光学方法和粒子群优化算法来实现。基于调制阻抗表面的SSPP LWA的一个主要挑战是找到合适的激励技术。本研究提出了一种用于激励的波导带状线发射器，以尽量减少对辐射方向图波束的干扰。所设计的发射器在8至20 GHz范围内提供良好 的阻抗匹配，阻抗带宽为142%。在18 GHz设计频率下的峰值增益、辐射效率、轴比（AR）带宽和旁瓣电平分别为19.7 dBi、93%、11%和 - 12.1 dB。在使用MATLAB和CST软件进行优化和仿真后，制作了所提出的天线，并测量了其辐射特性。测量结果与仿真结果吻合良好，表明该方法具有很高的有效性。
