Matias Guilherme Lages, Sales Marcio Vinicius Ferreira, Andrade Gabriela Santos, Teixeira Brenda Dos Santos, Tenorio Maria Eduarda da Macena, Palácio Maria Augusta Vasconcelos, Correia Maria Luisa de Carvalho, Takenami Iukary
Undergraduate Student, College of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso (BA), Brazil.
Adjunt Professor, College of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso (BA), Brazil.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2024 Dec 20;143(1):e2023339. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0339.R2.03072024. eCollection 2024.
The diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are crucial for tuberculosis (TB) control. Household contacts (HHC) of patients with pulmonary TB are at a high risk of LTBI due to their close proximity to source cases.
To describe the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI among HHC.
This cross-sectional follow-up study was conducted in the municipality of Paulo Afonso, northeastern Brazil, between 2013 and 2022.
We retrieved secondary data from the medical records of HHC who were followed up at a specialized referral center for TB. LTBI prevalence estimates were calculated and are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
In total, 622 HHC were screened for LTBI, with 620 evaluated using the tuberculin skin test (TST). Of these, 40 (6.5%) did not return for TST reading. The overall prevalence of LTBI was 53.1% (95% CI: 49-57.1%), with a high prevalence among females and individuals aged 25-34 years. The overall LTBI treatment initiation rate was 26.1% (95%CI: 21.5-31.3%), and 64.2% (95%CI: 53.3-73.8%) of HHC who initiated treatment completed their course.
This study revealed a high prevalence of LTBI among HHC, particularly among women and individuals aged 25-34 years, underscoring the ongoing TB transmission within the community. Only 26.1% of the diagnosed HHC initiated treatment, with approximately 64% completing their course. This highlights the challenges in managing LTBI and emphasizes the need for targeted screening and interventions for high-risk groups.
潜伏性结核感染（LTBI）的诊断和治疗对于结核病（TB）控制至关重要。肺结核患者的家庭接触者（HHC）由于与传染源密切接触，感染LTBI的风险很高。
描述HHC中LTBI的诊断和治疗情况。
这项横断面随访研究于2013年至2022年在巴西东北部的保罗·阿方索市进行。
我们从一家结核病专门转诊中心随访的HHC病历中检索了二手数据。计算了LTBI患病率估计值，并给出了95%置信区间（CI）。
总共对622名HHC进行了LTBI筛查，其中620名使用结核菌素皮肤试验（TST）进行评估。其中，40名（6.5%）未返回进行TST结果读取。LTBI的总体患病率为53.1%（95%CI：49 - 57.1%），女性和25 - 34岁个体中的患病率较高。LTBI的总体治疗启动率为26.1%（95%CI：21.5 - 31.3%），开始治疗的HHC中有64.2%（95%CI：53.3 - 73.8%）完成了疗程。
本研究显示HHC中LTBI患病率很高，尤其是在女性和25 - 34岁个体中，这凸显了社区内结核病的持续传播。在确诊的HHC中，只有26.1%开始治疗，约64%完成了疗程。这突出了管理LTBI的挑战，并强调了对高危人群进行有针对性筛查和干预的必要性。
