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奇特的特征并不比没有特征好:未经训练的鸟类对捕食者的识别。

Strange features are no better than no features: predator recognition by untrained birds.

作者信息

Fišer Ondřej, Strnadová Irena, Veselý Petr, Syrová Michaela, Němec Michal, Kamišová Barbora, Šalom Josef, Fuchs Roman

机构信息

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Anim Cogn. 2025 Jan 7;28(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s10071-024-01924-z.

DOI:10.1007/s10071-024-01924-z
PMID:39775088
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11706896/
Abstract

Predator recognition is essential for prey survival, allowing for appropriate antipredator strategies. Some bird species, such as the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio), distinguish not only between predators and non-threatening species but also between different predator species. Earlier studies have identified general predator "key features", especially beak shape and talons, as critical for predator recognition. The question, though, still remains of whether exchanging predator key features with those of nonpredatory species or, alternatively, completely removing them, have different or equal impact on recognition. Here we tested to ascertain whether the presence of the "incorrect key features" of a harmless pigeon (Columba livia) placed on a common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) body impairs predator recognition more efficiently than the absence of any key features. We presented an unmodified kestrel dummy and two modified kestrel dummies (one with pigeon key features, the other lacking key features) to wild red-backed shrikes defending their nest. The shrikes attacked the unmodified dummy kestrel more intensively than both kestrel modifications when defending the nest. However, shrikes did not show different responses to the kestrel with pigeon key features and the featureless kestrel. Our findings show that the absence and exchange of key features have the same effect in this case. These results are discussed in the context of recognition of a specific predator species and predators as a category in general.

摘要

识别捕食者对于猎物的生存至关重要,这能让它们采取适当的反捕食策略。一些鸟类物种,比如红背伯劳(Lanius collurio),不仅能区分捕食者和无威胁物种,还能区分不同的捕食者物种。早期研究已确定一般捕食者的“关键特征”,尤其是喙的形状和爪子,对捕食者识别至关重要。然而,将捕食者的关键特征与非捕食者物种的关键特征进行交换,或者完全去除这些特征,对识别的影响是不同还是相同,这个问题仍然存在。在这里,我们进行了测试,以确定将无害鸽子(Columba livia)的“错误关键特征”放置在普通红隼(Falco tinnunculus)身上,是否比完全没有任何关键特征更能有效地损害捕食者识别。我们向守护巢穴的野生红背伯劳展示了一个未修改的红隼模型以及两个修改后的红隼模型(一个带有鸽子的关键特征,另一个没有关键特征)。在守护巢穴时,伯劳对未修改的红隼模型的攻击比对两个修改后的红隼模型都更激烈。然而,伯劳对带有鸽子关键特征的红隼和没有特征的红隼没有表现出不同的反应。我们的研究结果表明,在这种情况下,关键特征的缺失和交换具有相同的效果。我们将在识别特定捕食者物种以及一般意义上的捕食者类别的背景下讨论这些结果。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0a/11706896/a7633e963e0e/10071_2024_1924_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0a/11706896/139d0afc8b30/10071_2024_1924_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0a/11706896/a7633e963e0e/10071_2024_1924_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0a/11706896/139d0afc8b30/10071_2024_1924_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0a/11706896/a7633e963e0e/10071_2024_1924_Fig2_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

1
Red-backed shrike () versus common cuckoo (): An example of ineffective cuckoo-hawk mimicry.红背伯劳()与普通杜鹃():杜鹃拟态鹰失败的一个例子。
Ecol Evol. 2022 Dec 23;12(12):e9664. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9664. eCollection 2022 Dec.
2
Untrained birds' ability to recognise predators with changed body size and colouration in a field experiment.未经训练的鸟类在野外实验中识别身体大小和颜色发生变化的捕食者的能力。
BMC Ecol Evol. 2021 May 1;21(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12862-021-01807-8.
3
A kestrel without hooked beak and talons is not a kestrel for the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio).
对于红背伯劳鸟(Lanius collurio)来说,没有钩状喙和利爪的红脚隼(Falco amurensis)不是真正的红脚隼。
Anim Cogn. 2021 Sep;24(5):957-968. doi: 10.1007/s10071-020-01450-8. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
4
Prey Responses to Exotic Predators: Effects of Old Risks and New Cues.猎物对异域捕食者的反应:旧风险和新线索的影响。
Am Nat. 2019 Apr;193(4):575-587. doi: 10.1086/702252. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
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Predicting Predator Recognition in a Changing World.预测变化世界中的捕食者识别
Trends Ecol Evol. 2018 Feb;33(2):106-115. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.10.009. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
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The role of body size in predator recognition by untrained birds.体型在未经训练的鸟类识别捕食者中的作用。
Behav Processes. 2015 Nov;120:128-34. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.015. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
7
The role of key features in predator recognition by untrained birds.关键特征在未经训练的鸟类识别捕食者中的作用。
Anim Cogn. 2014 Jul;17(4):963-71. doi: 10.1007/s10071-014-0728-1. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
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Allometry of alarm calls: black-capped chickadees encode information about predator size.警报叫声的异速生长:黑头山雀对有关捕食者大小的信息进行编码。
Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1934-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1108841.
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Do responses of galliform birds vary adaptively with predator size?
Anim Cogn. 2005 Jul;8(3):200-10. doi: 10.1007/s10071-004-0250-y. Epub 2005 Jan 20.
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