Wang Ya-Nan, Li Ruihua, Huang Yaxuan, Chen Hui, Nie Hao, Liu Lian, Zou Xiaoting, Zhong Jixin, Zheng Bing, Gong Quan
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 24;15:1450366. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1450366. eCollection 2024.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disorder caused by a complete lack of insulin, primarily manifested by hyperglycemia. The mechanisms underlying the onset of T1D are complex, involving genetics, environment, and various unknown factors, leading to the infiltration of various immune components into the islets. Besides T cells, B cells are now considered important contributors to the pathogenesis of T1D, according to recent studies. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the absence of B cells prevents the development of T1D, and B-cell depletion can even restore the function of pancreatic β cells, emphasizing their involvement in the development of T1D. Naturally, besides pathogenic B cells, regulatory B cells (Bregs) might have a protective function in T1D. This article examines the mechanisms behind B-cell tolerance and the defects in B-cell tolerance checkpoints in T1D. We explored possible functions of B cells in T1D, including the role of islet autoantibodies in T1D, T-B cell interactions, and the role of Bregs in the pathogenesis of T1D. We also summarized the advances of B cell-targeted therapy, exploring new methods for intervention and treatment of T1D.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种由胰岛素完全缺乏引起的代谢紊乱疾病，主要表现为高血糖。T1D发病的潜在机制很复杂，涉及遗传、环境和各种未知因素，导致各种免疫成分浸润到胰岛中。根据最近的研究，除了T细胞外，B细胞现在被认为是T1D发病机制的重要促成因素。在非肥胖糖尿病（NOD）小鼠中，B细胞的缺失可阻止T1D的发展，而清除B细胞甚至可以恢复胰腺β细胞的功能，这突出了它们在T1D发展过程中的参与。自然而然地，除了致病性B细胞外，调节性B细胞（Bregs）可能在T1D中具有保护作用。本文探讨了B细胞耐受性背后的机制以及T1D中B细胞耐受性检查点的缺陷。我们探究了B细胞在T1D中的可能功能，包括胰岛自身抗体在T1D中的作用、T - B细胞相互作用以及Bregs在T1D发病机制中的作用。我们还总结了B细胞靶向治疗的进展，探索干预和治疗T1D的新方法。
