Le Bihanic Florane, Cormier Bettie, Dassié Emilie, Lecomte Sophie, Receveur Justine, Le Floch Stéphane, Cachot Jérôme, Morin Bénédicte
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Pessac F-33600, France.
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac F-33600, France.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 1;289:117604. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117604. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
Plastic products contain complex mixtures of chemical compounds that are incorporated into polymers to improve material properties. Besides the intentional chemical additives, other compounds including residual monomers and non-intentionnaly added substances (NIAS) as well as sorbed pollutants are usually also present in aged plastic. Since most of these substances are only loosely bound to the polymer via non-covalently interactions, i.e., van der Waals forces, they may leach to the surrounding environment. Although there is increasing knowledge about toxicity of weathered plastic to aquatic organisms, only little is known about how plastic associated chemicals affect human health. Seafood consumption is one of the routes of human exposure to microplastics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of naturally aged plastic associated chemicals to induce harmful effects to human health via the consumption of MP-contaminated seafood. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 and human hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cells were selected as model of the colon and liver cells respectively. They are known for their high capacity to metabolize organic contaminants. Both cell lines were exposed to DMSO extracts of different plastics to investigate the effects of chemicals on cell viability, oxidative stress induction and genotoxicity. In addition, the estrogenic effects of DMSO-extracts were evaluated using an estrogen-dependent reporter gene assay in T47D-Kbluc human breast cancer cells. Chemical profiles of the DMSO extracts were polymer-dependent, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) highly contaminated with metals while polypropylene (PP) contained the lowest concentration of metals. Organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were mainly found in PVC, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and PP extracts, whereas other extracted plastics had less (PP) to no organic contamination (polyethylene terephthalate PET). PVC was the most toxic plastic inducing cytotoxicity for both cell lines. DNA damage was observed for Caco-2 cells exposure to HDPE, PVC and nylon. Reactive oxygen species were induced only with nylon extracts in intestinal cells. No toxicity was observed for PP and PET and none of the tested plastics had any estrogenic effect. Our results demonstrate that some environmental aged plastic material released a variety of known and unknown chemical compounds some of which are toxic in vitro and contribute to the knowledge on adverse human health effects of plastics.
塑料制品包含复杂的化合物混合物，这些化合物被融入聚合物以改善材料性能。除了有意添加的化学添加剂外，老化塑料中通常还存在其他化合物，包括残留单体、非故意添加物质（NIAS）以及吸附的污染物。由于这些物质大多仅通过非共价相互作用（即范德华力）与聚合物松散结合，它们可能会渗漏到周围环境中。尽管人们对老化塑料对水生生物的毒性了解越来越多，但对于与塑料相关的化学物质如何影响人类健康却知之甚少。食用海鲜是人类接触微塑料的途径之一。本研究的目的是评估自然老化的与塑料相关的化学物质通过食用受微塑料污染的海鲜对人类健康产生有害影响的能力。分别选择人结肠腺癌Caco-2细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞作为结肠和肝细胞的模型。它们以其代谢有机污染物的高能力而闻名。将两种细胞系暴露于不同塑料的二甲基亚砜提取物中，以研究化学物质对细胞活力、氧化应激诱导和遗传毒性的影响。此外，使用雌激素依赖性报告基因测定法在T47D-Kbluc人乳腺癌细胞中评估二甲基亚砜提取物的雌激素效应。二甲基亚砜提取物的化学特征取决于聚合物，聚氯乙烯（PVC）被金属高度污染，而聚丙烯（PP）含有的金属浓度最低。有机污染物，包括多环芳烃，主要存在于PVC、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和PP提取物中，而其他提取的塑料含有的有机污染物较少（PP）或没有有机污染（聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PET）。PVC是对两种细胞系诱导细胞毒性最大的塑料。在Caco-2细胞暴露于HDPE、PVC和尼龙时观察到DNA损伤。仅在肠道细胞中，尼龙提取物诱导了活性氧的产生。未观察到PP和PET的毒性，并且所测试的塑料均没有任何雌激素效应。我们的结果表明，一些环境老化的塑料材料释放出各种已知和未知的化合物，其中一些在体外具有毒性，并有助于了解塑料对人类健康的不利影响。
