Feio Maria João, da Silva Janine P, Hughes Robert M, Aguiar Francisca C, Alves Carlos B M, Birk Sebastian, Callisto Marcos, Linares Marden S, Macedo Diego R, Pompeu Paulo S, Robinson Wayne, Schürings Christian, Almeida Salomé F P, Anastácio Pedro M, Arimoro Francis O, Baek Min Jeong, Calderón Mirian, Chen Kai, Goethals Peter, Forio Marie Anne E, Harding Jon S, Kefford Ben J, Kelly Martyn G, Keke Unique N, Lintermans Mark, Martins Renato T, Mori Terutaka, Nakamura Keigo, Odume Oghenekaro N, Ribeiro Filipe, Ruaro Renata, Serra Sónia Rq, Shah Deep Narayan, Sueyoshi Masanao, Tachamo-Shah Ram Devi
University of Coimbra, FCTUC/DCV, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Coimbra, Portugal.
Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Feb;374:123874. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123874. Epub 2025 Jan 8.
The extent of alien taxa impacts on river ecosystem health is unclear, but their frequency continues to rise. We investigated 1) the prevalence of including alien taxa in common bioindicators used in river bioassessment, 2) the effect of alien taxa on the richness and abundance of natives, and 3) whether including alien taxa in bioassessment tools increased their sensitivity to river degradation. In the 17 countries analyzed fish represented the greatest number of alien species (1726), followed by macrophytes (925), macroinvertebrates (556), and diatoms (7). Yet, alien species are only distinguished from natives in some fish and macrophyte indices. In addition, the analyses of 8 databases with fish, macroinvertebrate, or macrophyte data showed that abundance of alien taxa was associated with different stressors and pressures resulting in river degradation, and had a significant effect on native community composition. When alien species were accounted for, there was a strong negative correlation between the values of a fish index with alien richness and abundance while when alien taxa was not or only partially considered the results varied. Thus, we recommend: 1) Include specific metrics for alien species in biological quality indices. 2) Increase the investigation of alien taxa of small organisms (e.g. diatoms, small benthic invertebrates). 3) Eliminate sites with confirmed biological invasions for use as reference sites. 4) Remove alien from calculations of total richness and diversity. 5) Identify to the species level in biomonitoring programs. 6) Avoid legislation and management that protect alien species. 7) Encourage behaviors that prevent alien invasions of aquatic biota.
外来物种对河流生态系统健康的影响程度尚不清楚，但它们出现的频率持续上升。我们调查了：1）河流生物评估中常用生物指示物中包含外来物种的情况；2）外来物种对本地物种丰富度和数量的影响；3）生物评估工具中纳入外来物种是否会提高其对河流退化的敏感性。在分析的17个国家中，鱼类代表的外来物种数量最多（1726种），其次是大型植物（925种）、大型无脊椎动物（556种）和硅藻（7种）。然而，只有在某些鱼类和大型植物指标中，外来物种才与本地物种区分开来。此外，对8个包含鱼类、大型无脊椎动物或大型植物数据的数据库分析表明，外来物种的数量与导致河流退化的不同压力源和压力相关，并对本地群落组成有显著影响。当考虑外来物种时，一个鱼类指数的值与外来物种丰富度和数量之间存在很强的负相关，而当不考虑或仅部分考虑外来物种时，结果则有所不同。因此，我们建议：1）在生物质量指标中纳入外来物种的特定指标。2）加强对小型生物（如硅藻、小型底栖无脊椎动物）外来物种的调查。3）将已确认存在生物入侵的地点排除在用作参考地点之外。4）在计算总丰富度和多样性时排除外来物种。5）在生物监测计划中识别到物种水平。6）避免保护外来物种的立法和管理。7）鼓励采取防止外来物种入侵水生生物群落的行为。
