Vestergaard Anne Høy Seemann, Jensen Simon Kok, Heide-Jørgensen Uffe, Ladefoged Søren Andreas, Birn Henrik, Christiansen Christian Fynbo
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Clin Kidney J. 2024 Nov 19;18(1):sfae351. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae351. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may change with ageing populations, rising metabolic and cardiovascular disease prevalence, increasing CKD awareness and new treatments. We examined sex-specific temporal trends in CKD incidence and prevalence from 2011 through 2021.
We conducted a population-based cohort study among adults residing in the North and Central Denmark Regions (population ∼1.5 million in 2021), utilizing routinely collected individual-level laboratory data. We identified individuals with incident or prevalent CKD, using data on plasma creatinine and urine albumin-creatinine ratios from samples performed in outpatient hospital settings or primary care. We estimated annual sex-specific crude and age-standardized incidence and prevalence and tabulated clinical characteristics.
Throughout 2011-2021, CKD incidence and prevalence remained higher among females than males. A transient increase in the crude incidence was observed during 2011-2013, followed by a decrease from 11.8 per 1000 person-years in 2013 [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5-12.1] to 10.7 in 2021 (95% CI 10.5-11.0) among females and from 10.9 (95% CI 10.7-11.2) to 10.6 (95% CI 10.3-10.8) among males. During 2011-2021, the crude prevalence increased among females from 85.1 per 1000 individuals (95% CI 84.4-85.8) to 99.9 (95% CI 99.2-100.6), and among males from 55.3 (95% CI 54.7-55.9) to 82.4 (95% CI 81.8-83.0). After age standardization, declines in incidence persisted, while the prevalence was stable among females, and the increase persisted among males.
The CKD incidence and prevalence remained higher among females than males during 2011-2021. Despite a notable decline in incidence rates from 2013 onwards, the crude prevalence increased during 2011-2021.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）的发病率可能会随着人口老龄化、代谢性疾病和心血管疾病患病率的上升、CKD知晓率的提高以及新治疗方法的出现而发生变化。我们研究了2011年至2021年期间CKD发病率和患病率的性别特异性时间趋势。
我们在丹麦北部和中部地区居住的成年人中开展了一项基于人群的队列研究（2021年人口约150万），利用常规收集的个体水平实验室数据。我们使用在门诊医院环境或初级保健机构采集样本的血浆肌酐和尿白蛋白-肌酐比值数据，确定患有新发或现患CKD的个体。我们估计了每年的性别特异性粗发病率和年龄标准化发病率及患病率，并列出了临床特征。
在2011 - 2021年期间，女性的CKD发病率和患病率始终高于男性。2011 - 2013年期间观察到粗发病率短暂上升，随后女性从2013年的每1000人年11.8例[95%置信区间（CI）11.5 - 12.1]降至2021年的10.7例（95% CI 10.5 - 11.0），男性从10.9例（95% CI 10.7 - 11.2）降至10.6例（95% CI 10.3 - 10.8）。在2011 - 2021年期间，女性的粗患病率从每1000人85.1例（95% CI 84.4 - 85.8）增至99.9例（95% CI 99.2 - 100.6），男性从5,5.3例（95% CI 54.7 - 55.9）增至82.4例（95% CI 81.8 - 83.0）。年龄标准化后，发病率持续下降，而女性患病率稳定，男性患病率持续上升。
在2011 - 2021年期间，女性的CKD发病率和患病率始终高于男性。尽管从2013年起发病率显著下降，但2011 - 2021年期间粗患病率仍有所上升。
