Zhang Haobo, Sun Haonan, Li Jiaqi, Lei Xu
Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2025 Jan;46(1):e70119. doi: 10.1002/hbm.70119.
Insomnia disorder (ID) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disease, and the use of neuroanatomical data to objectively define biological subtypes is essential. We aimed to examine the neuroanatomical subtypes of ID by morphometric similarity network (MSN) and the association between MSN changes and specific transcriptional expression patterns. We recruited 144 IDs and 124 healthy controls (HC). We performed heterogeneity through discriminant analysis (HYDRA) and identified subtypes within the MSN strength. Differences in MSN between subtypes and HC were compared, and clinical behavioral differences were compared between subtypes. In addition, we investigated the association between MSN changes and brain gene expression in different ID subtypes using partial least squares regression to assess genetic commonalities in psychiatric disorders and further performed functional enrichment analyses. Two distinct subtypes of ID were identified, each exhibiting different MSN changes compared to HC. Furthermore, subtype 1 is characterized by objective short sleep, impaired cognitive function, and some relationships with major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In contrast, subtype 2 has normal objective sleep duration but subjectively reports poor sleep and is only related to ASD. The pathogenesis of subtype 1 may be related to genes that regulate sleep rhythms and sleep-wake cycles. In contrast, subtype 2 is more due to adverse emotion perception and regulation. Overall, these findings provide insights into the neuroanatomical subtypes of ID, elucidating the relationships between structural and molecular aspects of the relevant subtypes.
失眠症（ID）是一种高度异质性的精神疾病，利用神经解剖学数据客观地定义生物学亚型至关重要。我们旨在通过形态计量相似性网络（MSN）研究ID的神经解剖学亚型，以及MSN变化与特定转录表达模式之间的关联。我们招募了144名ID患者和124名健康对照（HC）。我们通过判别分析（HYDRA）进行异质性分析，并在MSN强度内识别亚型。比较了亚型与HC之间MSN的差异，以及亚型之间的临床行为差异。此外，我们使用偏最小二乘回归研究了不同ID亚型中MSN变化与脑基因表达之间的关联，以评估精神疾病中的遗传共性，并进一步进行了功能富集分析。识别出了两种不同的ID亚型，与HC相比，每种亚型都表现出不同的MSN变化。此外，亚型1的特征是客观睡眠短、认知功能受损，以及与重度抑郁症和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）存在一些关联。相比之下，亚型2的客观睡眠时间正常，但主观上报告睡眠不佳，且仅与ASD有关。亚型1的发病机制可能与调节睡眠节律和睡眠-觉醒周期的基因有关。相比之下，亚型2更多地是由于不良情绪感知和调节。总体而言，这些发现为ID的神经解剖学亚型提供了见解，阐明了相关亚型的结构和分子方面之间的关系。
