Jakovljević Ivana, Štrukil Zdravka Sever, Pehnec Gordana, Horvat Tajana, Sanković Mandica, Šumanovac Antun, Davila Silvije, Račić Nikolina, Gajski Goran
Division of Environmental Hygiene, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Division of Environmental Hygiene, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 1;289:117704. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117704. Epub 2025 Jan 8.
Measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously carried out at three different urban locations in Croatia (Zagreb, Slavonski Brod and Vinkovci) characterized as urban residential (UR), urban industrial (UI) and urban background (UB), respectively. This was done in order to determine seasonal and spatial variations, estimate dominant pollution sources for each area and estimate the lifetime carcinogenic health risks from atmospheric PAHs. Mass concentrations of PAHs showed seasonal variation with the highest values during the colder period and the lowest concentration during the warmer period of the year. The contribution of four- and five-ring PAHs to the total PAH concentrations was slightly lower during the warmer period of the year at all locations, while the contribution of six-ring PAHs was higher in the warmer period compared to the colder one. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between temperature and PM and temperature and PAHs during the cold season, while in the warm period correlation with temperature was negative for PAHs and positive for PM. Different statistical methods were used to estimate possible dominant pollution sources for each tested area. The obtained results indicated petrogenic and pyrogenic sources, petroleum combustion, and vehicle emission as dominant sources at the UR and UB locations, while vehicle emission, biomass and coal burning, and pyrogenic sources were recognized as dominant sources at the UI location. Cancer risk values obtained during the analysis were at an acceptable limit level, which was between 10 and 10 (values higher than 10 indicate high probable health risks).
在克罗地亚的三个不同城市地点（分别为萨格勒布、斯拉沃尼亚布罗德和文科夫齐）同时进行了多环芳烃（PAHs）的测量，这些地点分别被归类为城市居住区（UR）、城市工业区（UI）和城市背景区（UB）。这样做是为了确定季节和空间变化，估计每个区域的主要污染源，并估计大气中PAHs带来的终生致癌健康风险。PAHs的质量浓度呈现出季节性变化，在一年中较冷的时期值最高，在较暖的时期浓度最低。在一年中较暖的时期，所有地点四环和五环PAHs对总PAH浓度的贡献略低，而六环PAHs在较暖时期的贡献相比寒冷时期更高。斯皮尔曼相关性分析显示，在寒冷季节温度与颗粒物（PM）以及温度与PAHs之间呈负相关，而在温暖时期，PAHs与温度呈负相关，PM与温度呈正相关。使用不同的统计方法来估计每个测试区域可能的主要污染源。所得结果表明，在UR和UB地点，成岩和热解源、石油燃烧以及车辆排放是主要污染源；而在UI地点，车辆排放、生物质和煤炭燃烧以及热解源被认为是主要污染源。分析过程中获得的癌症风险值处于可接受的极限水平，即在10至10之间（高于10的值表明健康风险可能性高）。
