Li Jiayi, Lin Yaoyao, Yang Zongming, Heinrich Joachim, Zhao Tianyu, Yu Zhebin, Wang Wenqing, Yang Kaixuan, Shen Peng, Lin Hongbo, Shui Liming, Wang Jianbing, Jin Mingjuan, Tang Mengling, Chen Kun
Department of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Department of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Environ Res. 2025 Mar 1;268:120767. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.120767. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
Exposure to residential greenness has been linked with improved sleep duration; however, longitudinal evidence is limited, and the potential mediating effect of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) has yet to be assessed.
We obtained data for 19,567 participants across seven counties in a prospective cohort in Ningbo, China. Greenness was estimated using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 250-m, 500-m and 1000-m buffer zones, while yearly average PM concentrations were measured using validated land-use regression models, both based on individual residential addresses. Sleep duration was assessed using structured questionnaires at baseline and during follow-up. The longitudinal associations between residential greenness and sleep duration were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models. Adjustments for PM and county were implemented. To identify the effect of greenness exposure on age-related declines in sleep duration, we included an interaction term between NDVI and visit (baseline and follow-up). Additionally, half-longitudinal mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential mediating role of PM in this relationship.
Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI within 250 m, 500 m and 1000 m was associated with increases in sleep duration of 0.044 h (95% CI: 0.028,0.061), 0.045 h (95% CI: 0.028,0.062), and 0.031 h (95% CI: 0.013,0.049), respectively. Associations were attenuated after adjusting for PM. Farmers, homemakers, and short-nap individuals benefited the most from greenness exposure. Higher greenness exposure significantly lowered PM levels, which was associated with a slower decline in sleep duration over the follow-up period.
Exposure to higher levels of residential greenness was associated with increased sleep duration and a slower decline in sleep over time. County-level heterogeneity in the effects of residential greenness on sleep duration was observed. PM partially mediating this relationship.
接触居住环境中的绿色空间与睡眠时间的改善有关；然而，纵向证据有限，且环境细颗粒物（PM）的潜在中介作用尚未得到评估。
我们获取了中国宁波一个前瞻性队列中七个县19567名参与者的数据。利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）在250米、500米和1000米缓冲区内估算绿色空间，同时使用经过验证的土地利用回归模型，根据个人居住地址测量年平均PM浓度。在基线和随访期间使用结构化问卷评估睡眠时间。使用线性混合效应模型评估居住绿色空间与睡眠时间之间的纵向关联。对PM和县区进行了调整。为了确定绿色空间暴露对睡眠时间与年龄相关下降的影响，我们纳入了NDVI与访视（基线和随访）之间的交互项。此外，进行了半纵向中介分析，以评估PM在此关系中的潜在中介作用。
250米、500米和1000米内NDVI每增加一个四分位数间距（IQR），睡眠时间分别增加0.044小时（95%CI：0.028，0.061）、0.045小时（95%CI：0.028，0.062）和0.031小时（95%CI：0.013，0.049）。调整PM后，关联减弱。农民、家庭主妇和有午睡习惯的人从绿色空间暴露中受益最大。更高的绿色空间暴露显著降低了PM水平，这与随访期间睡眠时间下降较慢有关。
接触更高水平的居住绿色空间与睡眠时间增加以及睡眠随时间下降较慢有关。观察到居住绿色空间对睡眠时间影响的县区层面异质性。PM部分介导了这种关系。
