Hill Aisha, Morford Madelon, Saydah Sharon, Logan Pamela, Raso Danielle, Stone Erin C, Taliano Joanna, Koumans Emilia H, Varechtchouk Olga
National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
Office of Library Science, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Dec;13(12):5868-5884. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_247_24. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
While various demographic factors and underlying medical conditions are associated with the development of post-COVID conditions within a month after SARS-CoV-2 infection, less is known about factors associated with post-COVID symptoms that persist for 6 months or more. The aim of this review was to determine the association between underlying conditions, other risk factors, health behaviors, and the presence of symptoms ≥6 months after COVID-19.
Studies reporting on post-COVID symptoms were searched in databases, including Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Proquest, and WHO COVID-19 literature, from the beginning of the pandemic until November 2022. Studies were included if they reported on symptoms ≥6 months after COVID-19 and a relevant measure of association (adjusted or unadjusted odds or risk ratio).
A total of 17 studies with 109,293 participants met the inclusion criteria; they were conducted in China (3), Italy (3), Spain (3), Russia (2), France (1), Germany (1), Sweden (1), Scotland (1), United Kingdom (1), and the United States (1). When compared to males, female participants were at an increased risk of post-COVID-19 symptoms (risk ratio (RR): 1.24; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08). Underlying conditions, including COPD/lung disease, overweight status or obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and asthma, were identified as possibly being associated with an increased risk of post-COVID symptoms.
Female gender and certain underlying medical conditions were associated with an increased risk of post-COVID symptoms ≥6 months after COVID-19. Further research is needed to better understand some of these associations and identify groups that are at increased risk for persistent post-COVID conditions.
虽然各种人口统计学因素和潜在的医疗状况与新冠病毒感染后一个月内出现的新冠后遗症的发展有关，但对于持续6个月或更长时间的新冠后遗症相关因素知之甚少。本综述的目的是确定潜在状况、其他风险因素、健康行为与新冠病毒感染后6个月及以上症状的存在之间的关联。
在包括Medline、EMBASE、全球健康、PsycInfo、Scopus、CINAHL、Proquest和世卫组织新冠病毒文献在内的数据库中检索关于新冠后遗症症状的研究，检索时间从疫情开始至2022年11月。如果研究报告了新冠病毒感染后6个月及以上的症状以及相关的关联度量（调整或未调整的比值比或风险比），则纳入该研究。
共有17项研究、109293名参与者符合纳入标准；这些研究分别在中国（3项）、意大利（3项）、西班牙（3项）、俄罗斯（2项）、法国（1项）、德国（1项）、瑞典（1项）、苏格兰（1项）、英国（1项）和美国（1项）开展。与男性相比，女性参与者出现新冠后遗症症状的风险更高（风险比（RR）：1.24；调整后的比值比（aOR）：3.08）。包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病/肺部疾病、超重或肥胖、高血压、心血管疾病和哮喘在内的潜在状况被确定可能与新冠后遗症症状风险增加有关。
女性性别和某些潜在的医疗状况与新冠病毒感染后6个月及以上出现新冠后遗症症状的风险增加有关。需要进一步研究以更好地理解其中一些关联，并确定持续出现新冠后遗症风险增加的群体。
