Tilahun Girma, Bantider Amare, Yayeh Desalegn
Bonga University, Natural Resources and Management Department, Bonga, Ethiopia.
Addis Ababa University, Resource Governance & Socioeconomic Research Division, Water and Land Resource Center, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 13;11(1):e41242. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41242. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
The progress of Ethiopia's agriculture is constrained by climate change leaving smallholder farmers vulnerable. As a panacea to the challenge, development institutions, governments, and research organizations are progressively promoting climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to maximize productivity, increase the resilience of livelihoods and farming systems (adaptation), and minimize or stop greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere (mitigation). This review synthesized knowledge on the prospects of CSA and climate change in addressing the adverse effects of climate change and variability by revising 99 peer-reviewed journal articles. The results depict that smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa are highly impacted due to their reliance on the rain-fed agriculture production system. From several available CSA technologies in the study area, the review found that small-scale irrigation is the dominant option promoted in addition to improved animal husbandry and other technologies. Secondly, adoption differs across farmers and there can never be a one-size-fits-all approach in promoting adoption in farming societies. Thirdly, the key to spearheading the adoption of CSA is the active involvement of all actors along the value chain from the buyers to input suppliers of agricultural commodities. Moreover, the review indicated that development partners and the government have played a crucial role as evidenced by the CSA roadmap that supports CSA initiatives. Future CSA research should focus on agroecology and area-specific practices using simulation analysis and resource programming for a wider policy implication.
埃塞俄比亚农业的发展受到气候变化的制约，致使小农户变得脆弱。作为应对这一挑战的万能药，发展机构、政府和研究组织正在逐步推广气候智能型农业（CSA），以实现生产力最大化，增强生计和农业系统的复原力（适应），并最大限度地减少或停止向大气排放温室气体（减缓）。本综述通过修订99篇同行评议期刊文章，综合了关于气候智能型农业和气候变化在应对气候变化及变率不利影响方面前景的知识。结果表明，撒哈拉以南非洲的小农户因其对雨养农业生产系统的依赖而受到严重影响。从研究区域内几种可用的气候智能型农业技术来看，该综述发现，除了改良畜牧业和其他技术外，小规模灌溉是推广的主要选择。其次，农民之间的采用情况存在差异，在农业社会中促进采用时，永远不可能有一种一刀切的方法。第三，推动气候智能型农业采用的关键是价值链上所有行为体的积极参与，从买家到农产品投入供应商。此外，该综述表明，发展伙伴和政府发挥了关键作用，支持气候智能型农业倡议的路线图就是证明。未来气候智能型农业研究应聚焦于农业生态学和特定区域的实践，利用模拟分析和资源规划以产生更广泛的政策影响。
