Wang Ze-Fu, Liu Jian-Quan
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Yi Chuan. 2025 Jan;47(1):71-100. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-218.
Since Darwin's era, speciation has been one of the most central issues in evolutionary biology studies. Understanding the processes of species origin is crucial in deepening our understanding of the formation of species biodiversity, which is essential for their protections. However, speciation research has been challenging due to the rather complex evolutionary histories of many extant species. In recent years, with the continuous advancements in genomic sequencing techniques, significant advances have been achieved in the field of speciation researches. In this review, we overview speciation study advances, especially in the concepts and latest developments in research methods for studying speciation in the genomic era, encompassing the major research aspects: species delimitation, bifurcating speciation, hybrid speciation, polyploid speciation, reproductive isolation genes and speciation genes. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of these studies and methods. Finally, we provide the outlook on the future challenges and directions in speciation researches.
自达尔文时代以来，物种形成一直是进化生物学研究的核心问题之一。了解物种起源的过程对于深化我们对物种生物多样性形成的理解至关重要，而这对于物种保护至关重要。然而，由于许多现存物种的进化历史相当复杂，物种形成研究一直具有挑战性。近年来，随着基因组测序技术的不断进步，物种形成研究领域取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们概述了物种形成研究的进展，特别是基因组时代研究物种形成的概念和研究方法的最新发展，涵盖了主要研究方面：物种界定、分支物种形成、杂交物种形成、多倍体物种形成、生殖隔离基因和物种形成基因。此外，我们讨论了这些研究和方法的局限性。最后，我们展望了物种形成研究未来的挑战和方向。
