Advancements in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Acupuncture combined with mesenchymal stem cells transplantation.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) constitutes a significant etiology of exacerbated cerebral tissue damage subsequent to intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. The treatment of CIRI has been extensively investigated through a multitude of clinical studies. Acupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective in treating CIRI. Recent 5 years studies have identified potential mechanisms of acupuncture, including regulation of autophagy, promotion of angiogenesis, inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis, modulation of cell activation, neuroplasticity regulation, and promotion of nerve regeneration. The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can effectively suppress apoptosis, modulate immune responses, and enhance the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs), thereby compensating for the NSCs deficiency following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The combination of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation demonstrates superiority over individual treatments, significantly enhancing the survival rate of MSCs. Moreover, it facilitates the secretion of various cytokines to promote their homing and differentiation into functional neurons, thereby providing a novel approach for clinical treatment of CIRI.