Fischer Nicholas G, de Souza Araújo Isaac J, Daghrery Arwa, Yu Baiqing, Dal-Fabbro Renan, Dos Reis-Prado Alexandre H, Silikas Nikolaos, Rosa Vinicius, Aparicio Conrado, Watts David C, Bottino Marco C
Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Dent Mater. 2025 Mar;41(3):283-305. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.12.019. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Regeneration of the multiple tissues and interfaces in the periodontal complex necessitates multidisciplinary evaluation to establish structure/function relationships. This article, an initiative of the Academy of Dental Materials, provides guidance for performing chemical, structural, and mechanical characterization of materials for periodontal tissue regeneration, and outlines important recommendations on methods of testing bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of biomaterials/scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering. First, we briefly summarize periodontal tissue engineering fabrication methods. We then highlight critical variables to consider when evaluating a material for periodontal tissue regeneration, and the fundamental tests used to investigate them. The recommended tests and designs incorporate relevant international standards and provide a framework for characterizing newly developed materials focusing on the applicability of those tests for periodontal tissue regeneration. The most common methods of biofabrication (electrospinning, injectable hydrogels, fused deposition modelling, melt electrowriting, and bioprinting) and their specific applications in periodontal tissue engineering are reviewed. The critical techniques for morphological, chemical, and mechanical characterization of different classes of materials used in periodontal regeneration are then described. The major advantages and drawbacks of each assay, sample sizes, and guidelines on specimen preparation are also highlighted. From a biological standpoint, fundamental methods for testing bioactivity, the biocompatibility of materials, and the experimental models for testing the antimicrobial potential are included in this guidance. In conclusion, researchers performing studies on periodontal tissue regeneration will have this guidance as a tool to assess essential properties and characteristics of their materials/scaffold-based strategies.
牙周复合体中多种组织和界面的再生需要多学科评估，以建立结构/功能关系。本文由牙科材料学会发起，为牙周组织再生材料的化学、结构和力学特性表征提供指导，并概述了关于牙周组织工程生物材料/支架的生物活性、生物相容性和抗菌性能测试方法的重要建议。首先，我们简要总结牙周组织工程制造方法。然后，我们强调在评估牙周组织再生材料时需要考虑的关键变量，以及用于研究这些变量的基本测试。推荐的测试和设计纳入了相关国际标准，并提供了一个框架，用于表征新开发材料，重点是这些测试在牙周组织再生中的适用性。本文回顾了最常见的生物制造方法（静电纺丝、可注射水凝胶、熔融沉积建模、熔体电写和生物打印）及其在牙周组织工程中的具体应用。接着描述了用于牙周再生的不同类型材料的形态、化学和力学表征的关键技术。还强调了每种分析方法的主要优缺点、样本大小以及标本制备指南。从生物学角度来看，本指南包括测试生物活性的基本方法、材料的生物相容性以及测试抗菌潜力的实验模型。总之，从事牙周组织再生研究的人员将以本指南为工具，评估其基于材料/支架策略的基本特性和特征。
