Griesser Michael, Bennett Nigel C, Burkart Judith M, Hart Daniel W, Uomini Natalie, Warrington Miyako H
Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Luondu Boreal Field Station, 93391 Arvidsjaur, Sweden.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2025 Apr;40(4):346-355. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.017. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Cooperation is a pivotal biological phenomenon that occurs in diverse forms. In species that engage in helping, individuals vary in the time they spend together and the degree of their physical proximity, which affects the extent of physical touch between individuals. Here, we propose that touch activates a hormonal feedback loop that supports bond formation and maintenance in mating, parenting, and social contexts. Notably, extended parenting is essential for the emergence of enduring bonds and the development of the prosocial mindset that fosters forms of cooperation with delayed benefits. We incorporate these ideas into the caring-touch hypothesis (CT-H), which emphasizes the role of oxytocin-vasotocin hormones, touch, and enduring bonds in the evolution of different forms of cooperation.
合作是一种以多种形式出现的关键生物现象。在进行互助行为的物种中，个体在一起的时间长短以及身体接近程度各不相同，这会影响个体之间身体接触的程度。在此，我们提出触摸会激活一种激素反馈回路，该回路在交配、养育和社交情境中支持关系的形成与维持。值得注意的是，长期养育对于持久关系的出现以及亲社会思维模式的发展至关重要，亲社会思维模式促进了具有延迟收益的合作形式。我们将这些观点纳入关爱触摸假说（CT-H），该假说强调催产素-加压素激素、触摸和持久关系在不同合作形式进化中的作用。
