Kumar Avneesh, Chang Dong Wook
Department of Industrial Chemistry and CECS Core Research Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Dec 26;17(1):29. doi: 10.3390/polym17010029.
Polymers exhibiting ion-conduction capabilities are essential components of water-purifying devices. These polymers not only transport selective ions but are also mechanically robust; thus, they can be processed as membranes. In this review, we highlight major acidic polymers and their engineered morphologies and optimized properties, including metal selectivity and water permeation or retention. Crucial phenomena, such as self-assembly in acid-group-functionalized polymers for driving water transportation, are discussed. It was observed that the phosphonic acid groups containing polymers are rather suitable for the selective adsorption of toxic metals, and thus, are superior to their sulfonated counterparts. Additionally, due to their amphoteric nature, phosphonated polymers displayed several modes of metal complexations, which makes them appropriate for eliminating a wide range of metals. Further observation indicates that aromatic-acid-functionalized polymers are more durable. Temperature- and pH-responsive polymers were also found to be promising candidates for a controlled water-treatment process. Nevertheless, considering the morphology, water retention, and metal adsorption, acid-functionalized polymers, especially phosphonated ones, have the potential to remain as the materials of choice after additional advancements. Further perspectives regarding improvements in acidic polymers and their fabricated membranes for water treatment are presented.
具有离子传导能力的聚合物是水净化装置的重要组成部分。这些聚合物不仅能传输选择性离子，而且机械性能坚固；因此，它们可以加工成膜。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了主要的酸性聚合物及其工程形态和优化性能，包括金属选择性以及水的渗透或保留。我们还讨论了一些关键现象，例如酸基功能化聚合物中的自组装以驱动水传输。据观察，含膦酸基团的聚合物相当适合选择性吸附有毒金属，因此优于其磺化同类物。此外，由于其两性性质，膦化聚合物表现出多种金属络合模式，这使其适合去除多种金属。进一步的观察表明，芳酸功能化聚合物更耐用。温度和pH响应型聚合物也被认为是可控水处理过程的有前途的候选材料。然而，考虑到形态、保水性和金属吸附，酸功能化聚合物，尤其是膦化聚合物，在经过进一步改进后仍有可能成为首选材料。本文还介绍了酸性聚合物及其制备的用于水处理的膜的改进的进一步展望。
