Kraśkiewicz Cezary, Urbaniak Monika, Piotrowski Andrzej
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jan 1;18(1):141. doi: 10.3390/ma18010141.
This paper presents an experimental study on the elastic support in a discrete rail fastening system used in a ballastless tram track structure. The study focuses on the elastic support of the anchor element, specifically the Pm49 baseplate. These elements significantly influence environmental pollution along tram routes, such as vibration (at low frequencies) or noise (at high frequencies), as well as static and dynamic rail deflections. The authors outline a methodology for identifying the static and dynamic characteristics of the discrete elastic support in laboratory conditions. The procedure follows the European standard EN 13146-9 for track category A (tramway), as classified according to the European standard EN 13481-5. The study analyzes how the thickness and density of the tested materials affect stiffness. Additionally, it examines the correlation between parameters identified easily on-site (thickness, Shore hardness and density) and laboratory-determined parameters (static and dynamic stiffness), which are costly and time-consuming to measure. The research confirms that prototype prefabricated vibration isolation baseplate pads made of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) granules, recycled from end-of-life car tires, can achieve equivalent basic static and dynamic parameters, compared to underlays made of two-component polyurethane (PU) resin. This aligns with the strategy of promoting sustainable materials in construction. The innovative and prefabricated SBR rubber baseplate pads can also be used in repair and maintenance works (regardless of weather conditions), as they enable the quick launch of tram traffic. The results of the research included in this article can be used by other scientists, recycled rubber producers, tram track designers or construction site engineers.
本文介绍了一项关于无砟有轨电车轨道结构中离散式轨道扣件系统弹性支撑的实验研究。该研究聚焦于锚固元件的弹性支撑，特别是Pm49垫板。这些元件对有轨电车线路沿线的环境污染有显著影响，如振动（低频）或噪声（高频），以及静态和动态轨道挠度。作者概述了一种在实验室条件下识别离散弹性支撑静态和动态特性的方法。该程序遵循欧洲标准EN 13146 - 9中适用于A类轨道（有轨电车）的规定，轨道类别是根据欧洲标准EN 13481 - 5划分的。该研究分析了测试材料的厚度和密度如何影响刚度。此外，还研究了现场易于识别的参数（厚度、肖氏硬度和密度）与实验室测定参数（静态和动态刚度）之间的相关性，后者测量成本高且耗时。研究证实，由废旧汽车轮胎回收的丁苯橡胶（SBR）颗粒制成的原型预制隔振垫板，与由双组分聚氨酯（PU）树脂制成的衬垫相比，能实现相当的基本静态和动态参数。这与建筑领域推广可持续材料的策略相一致。这种创新的预制SBR橡胶垫板还可用于维修和维护工作（不受天气条件影响），因为它们能使有轨电车快速恢复运行。本文所包含的研究结果可供其他科学家、再生橡胶生产商、有轨电车轨道设计师或施工现场工程师使用。
