Harnessing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Advanced Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Applications.

Chronic wounds and injuries remain a substantial healthcare challenge, with significant burdens on patient quality of life and healthcare resources. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present an innovative approach to enhance tissue repair and regeneration in the context of wound healing. The intrinsic presence of MSCs in skin tissue, combined with their roles in wound repair, ease of isolation, broad secretory profile, and low immunogenicity, makes them especially promising for treating chronic wounds. This review explores the current landscape of MSC application, focusing on preclinical and clinical data across chronic wounds, diabetic ulcers, burns, non-union bone fractures, lower extremity venous ulcers, pressure ulcers, and genetic skin conditions like epidermolysis bullosa. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms through which MSCs exert their regenerative effects, underscoring their potential in advancing wound healing therapies and supporting the broader field of regenerative medicine.