Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 May 25;316(6):242. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03055-4.
Contemporary trends reveal an escalating interest in regenerative medicine-based interventions for addressing refractory skin defects. Conventional wound healing treatments, characterized by high costs and limited efficacy, necessitate a more efficient therapeutic paradigm to alleviate the economic and psychological burdens associated with chronic wounds. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) constitute cell-based therapies, whereas cell-free approaches predominantly involve the utilization of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, both purportedly safe and effective. Exploiting the impact of MSCs by paracrine signaling, exosomes have emerged as a novel avenue capable of positively impacting wound healing and skin regeneration. MSC-exosomes confer several advantages, including the facilitation of angiogenesis, augmentation of cell proliferation, elevation of collagen production, and enhancement of tissue regenerative capacity. Despite these merits, challenges persist in clinical applications due to issues such as poor targeting and facile removal of MSC-derived exosomes from skin wounds. Addressing these concerns, a three-dimensional (3D) platform has been implemented to emend exosomes, allowing for elevated levels, and constructing more stable granules possessing distinct therapeutic capabilities. Incorporating biomaterials to encapsulate MSC-exosomes emerges as a favorable approach, concentrating doses, achieving intended therapeutic effectiveness, and ensuring continual release. While the therapeutic potential of MSC-exosomes in skin repair is broadly recognized, their application with 3D biomaterial scenarios remains underexplored. This review synthesizes the therapeutic purposes of MSCs and exosomes in 3D for the skin restoration, underscoring their promising role in diverse dermatological conditions. Further research may establish MSCs and their exosomes in 3D as a viable therapeutic option for various skin conditions.
当代趋势显示，人们对基于再生医学的干预措施越来越感兴趣，以解决难治性皮肤缺陷。传统的伤口愈合治疗方法，其特点是成本高和疗效有限，需要更有效的治疗模式来减轻与慢性伤口相关的经济和心理负担。间充质干细胞（MSCs）构成了基于细胞的治疗方法，而无细胞方法主要涉及使用 MSC 衍生的细胞外囊泡或外泌体，两者据称都是安全有效的。通过旁分泌信号利用 MSCs 的影响，外泌体已成为一种新的途径，能够积极影响伤口愈合和皮肤再生。MSC-外泌体具有多种优势，包括促进血管生成、增加细胞增殖、提高胶原产生和增强组织再生能力。尽管有这些优点，但由于 MSC 衍生的外泌体在皮肤伤口中靶向不佳和易于清除等问题，其在临床应用中仍然存在挑战。为了解决这些问题，已经实施了一个三维（3D）平台来修饰外泌体，从而提高水平，并构建更稳定的颗粒，具有独特的治疗能力。将生物材料纳入封装 MSC-外泌体的方法是一种有利的方法，它可以集中剂量，实现预期的治疗效果，并确保持续释放。虽然 MSC-外泌体在皮肤修复中的治疗潜力已被广泛认可，但它们在 3D 生物材料情况下的应用仍未得到充分探索。本综述综合了 3D 中 MSCs 和外泌体在皮肤修复中的治疗目的，强调了它们在各种皮肤病况中的有前途的作用。进一步的研究可能会确立 3D 中的 MSCs 和它们的外泌体作为各种皮肤状况的可行治疗选择。
