Ruggieri Lorenzo, Amato Ottavia, Marrazzo Cristina, Nebuloni Manuela, Dalu Davide, Cona Maria Silvia, Gambaro Anna, Rulli Eliana, La Verde Nicla
Department of Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Pathology Unit, Luigi University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 30;26(1):215. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010215.
In recent years, awareness regarding micro-nanoplastics' (MNPs) potential effects on human health has progressively increased. Despite a large body of evidence regarding the origin and distribution of MNPs in the environment, their impact on human health remains to be determined. In this context, there is a major need to address their potential carcinogenic risks, since MNPs could hypothetically mediate direct and indirect carcinogenic effects, the latter mediated by particle-linked chemical carcinogens. Currently, evidence in this field is scarce and heterogeneous, but the reported increased incidence of malignant tumors among younger populations, together with the ubiquitous environmental abundance of MNPs, are rising a global concern regarding the possible role of MNPs in the development and progression of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available evidence in eco-toxicology, as well as methods for the identification and characterization of environmental MNP particulates and their health-associated risks, with a focus on cancer. In addition, we suggest possible routes for future research in order to unravel the carcinogenetic potential of MNP exposure and to understand prognostic and preventive implications of intratumoral MNPs.
近年来，人们对微纳塑料（MNPs）对人类健康潜在影响的认识逐渐提高。尽管有大量关于MNPs在环境中的来源和分布的证据，但其对人类健康的影响仍有待确定。在此背景下，迫切需要解决其潜在的致癌风险，因为MNPs可能通过假设介导直接和间接致癌作用，后者由与颗粒相关的化学致癌物介导。目前，该领域的证据稀少且参差不齐，但报告显示年轻人群中恶性肿瘤发病率上升，再加上MNPs在环境中无处不在，这引发了全球对MNPs在癌症发生和发展中可能作用的关注。在这篇综述中，我们概述了生态毒理学方面目前可用的证据，以及环境MNP颗粒的识别和表征方法及其与健康相关的风险，重点是癌症。此外，我们提出了未来研究的可能途径，以揭示MNP暴露的致癌潜力，并了解肿瘤内MNPs的预后和预防意义。
