School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
EA-Earth Action, CH 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Science. 2024 Oct 25;386(6720):eadl2746. doi: 10.1126/science.adl2746.
Twenty years after the first publication that used the term microplastic, we review current understanding, refine definitions, and consider future prospects. Microplastics arise from multiple sources, including tires, textiles, cosmetics, paint, and the fragmentation of larger items. They are widely distributed throughout the natural environment, with evidence of harm at multiple levels of biological organization. They are pervasive in food and drink and have been detected throughout the human body, with emerging evidence of negative effects. Environmental contamination could double by 2040, and wide-scale harm has been predicted. Public concern is increasing, and diverse measures to address microplastic pollution are being considered in international negotiations. Clear evidence on the efficacy of potential solutions is now needed to address the issue and to minimize the risks of unintended consequences.
在首次使用“微塑料”一词 20 年后，我们回顾了当前的认识，完善了定义，并考虑了未来的前景。微塑料来源于多个来源，包括轮胎、纺织品、化妆品、油漆和较大物品的碎片。它们广泛分布于自然环境中，在多个层次的生物组织中都有证据表明其存在危害。它们普遍存在于食物和饮料中，并已在人体内被检测到，并有新的证据表明其存在负面影响。到 2040 年，环境污染物的含量可能会增加一倍，而且已经预测到会造成广泛的危害。公众的关注正在增加，国际谈判中正在考虑采取各种措施来解决微塑料污染问题。现在需要明确的证据来证明潜在解决方案的有效性，以解决这个问题，并将意料之外的后果的风险降到最低。
