Komatsu Setsuko, Koh Rachel, Yamaguchi Hisateru, Hitachi Keisuke, Tsuchida Kunihiro
Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan.
Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi 512-8045, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 30;26(1):253. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010253.
Wheat is one of the most extensively grown crops in the world; however, its productivity is reduced due to salinity. This study focused on millimeter wave (MMW) irradiation to clarify the salt-stress tolerance mechanism in wheat. In the present study, wheat-root growth, which was suppressed to 77.6% of the control level under salt stress, was recovered to the control level by MMW irradiation. To reveal the salt-stress tolerance mechanism of MMW irradiation on wheat, a proteomic analysis was conducted. Proteins related to cell cycle, proliferation, and transport in biological processes, as well as proteins related to the nucleus, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm within cellular components, were inversely correlated with the number of proteins. The results of the proteomic analysis were verified by immunoblot and other analyses. Among the proteins related to the scavenging reactive-oxygen species, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase accumulated under salt stress and further increased in the MMW-irradiated wheat. Among pathogen-related proteins, pathogenesis-related protein 1 and the Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor decreased under salt stress and recovered to the control level in the MMW-irradiated wheat. The present results indicate that MMW irradiation of wheat seeds improves plant-growth recovery from salt stress through regulating the reactive oxygen species-scavenging system and the pathogen-related proteins. These genes may contribute to the development of salt-stress-tolerant wheat through marker-assisted breeding and genome editing.
小麦是世界上种植最广泛的作物之一；然而，其产量因盐胁迫而降低。本研究聚焦于毫米波（MMW）辐照，以阐明小麦的耐盐胁迫机制。在本研究中，盐胁迫下被抑制至对照水平77.6%的小麦根系生长，通过毫米波辐照恢复到了对照水平。为揭示毫米波辐照对小麦的耐盐胁迫机制，进行了蛋白质组学分析。生物过程中与细胞周期、增殖和转运相关的蛋白质，以及细胞成分内与细胞核、细胞骨架和细胞质相关的蛋白质，与蛋白质数量呈负相关。蛋白质组学分析结果通过免疫印迹和其他分析得到验证。在与清除活性氧相关的蛋白质中，超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶在盐胁迫下积累，并在毫米波辐照的小麦中进一步增加。在与病原体相关的蛋白质中，病程相关蛋白1和鲍曼-伯克蛋白酶抑制剂在盐胁迫下减少，并在毫米波辐照的小麦中恢复到对照水平。目前的结果表明，小麦种子的毫米波辐照通过调节活性氧清除系统和与病原体相关的蛋白质，促进了盐胁迫下植物生长的恢复。这些基因可能通过标记辅助育种和基因组编辑，有助于培育耐盐胁迫的小麦。
