Ortiz-Salguero Carmen, Romero-Bernal Marina, González-Díaz Ángela, Doush Elaheh Sobh, Del Río Carmen, Echevarría Miriam, Montaner Joan
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 26;17(1):40. doi: 10.3390/nu17010040.
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), characterized by elevated homocysteine (HCys) levels, is associated with increased risks of neurovascular diseases such as stroke or hydrocephalus. HHcy promotes oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, disrupting the blood-brain barrier and accelerating neurodegeneration. These processes highlight HCys as both a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in vascular-related neurological disorders. Current research suggests that polyphenols, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may reduce HCys levels and offer neuroprotection. Polyphenols have demonstrated effectiveness in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways triggered by HHcy. These compounds may also upregulate enzymatic functions involved in HCys metabolism, thus reducing neurotoxicity. Furthermore, polyphenol-rich diets, like the Mediterranean diet, have been linked to lower HCys levels and a reduced incidence of neurovascular disorders. This review provides an overview of HHcy's role in neurovascular pathologies and examines the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in managing HCys levels and preventing HCys-induced neurovascular damage.
高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcy）的特征是同型半胱氨酸（HCys）水平升高，与中风或脑积水等神经血管疾病风险增加相关。HHcy会促进氧化应激、神经炎症和内皮功能障碍，破坏血脑屏障并加速神经退行性变。这些过程凸显了HCys作为血管相关性神经疾病的生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点的作用。目前的研究表明，以其抗氧化和抗炎特性闻名的多酚类物质可能会降低HCys水平并提供神经保护。多酚类物质已证明在调节由HHcy引发的氧化应激和炎症途径方面有效。这些化合物还可能上调参与HCys代谢的酶功能，从而降低神经毒性。此外，富含多酚的饮食，如地中海饮食，已与较低的HCys水平和神经血管疾病发病率降低相关。本综述概述了HHcy在神经血管病理中的作用，并探讨了多酚类物质在控制HCys水平和预防HCys诱导的神经血管损伤方面的治疗潜力。
