Rai Vikrant
Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):127. doi: 10.3390/nu17010127.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease developing and progressing in the presence of risk factors including hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic inflammation, among others. Atherosclerosis commonly precipitates as ischemic events, transient ischemic attacks, and myocardial infarction. Saturated fatty acids are risk factors; however, their association with epigenetics in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is not clearly understood. The preclinical and clinical trials associating atherosclerosis with epigenetics are scarcely documented, and most of the studies reported the use of drugs inhibiting methylation and histone modification to improve atherosclerosis. This narrative review aims to discuss various aspects and the association between a high-fat diet, epigenetic reprogramming, and atherosclerosis.
A literature search with the keywords high-fat diet, epigenetics, and atherosclerosis, alone or in combination, was conducted to search for articles in the English language. Duplicate articles were removed, and articles related to the subject of this review article were included in this review.
A review of the literature suggests that a high-fat diet with saturated fatty acids is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, but this association is multifactorial, and epigenetics play a critical role. However, the connecting link and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not clearly understood yet and warrant more research.
A high-fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids is a risk factor for atherosclerosis involving epigenetic reprogramming and altered gene expression. The existing preclinical and clinical trials support the role of epigenetics and reversing it using drugs to attenuate atherosclerosis, but definitive evidence warrants larger clinical trials. Further, a high-fat diet in pregnant mothers can manifest as cardiovascular disease in offspring; caution must be taken in pregnant mothers for their diet and nutrients.
背景/目的：动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病，在包括高脂血症、高胆固醇血症和慢性炎症等危险因素存在的情况下发生和发展。动脉粥样硬化通常会引发缺血性事件、短暂性脑缺血发作和心肌梗死。饱和脂肪酸是危险因素；然而，它们在动脉粥样硬化病理生理学中与表观遗传学的关联尚不清楚。将动脉粥样硬化与表观遗传学相关联的临床前和临床试验鲜有记载，并且大多数研究报告使用抑制甲基化和组蛋白修饰的药物来改善动脉粥样硬化。本叙述性综述旨在探讨高脂饮食、表观遗传重编程与动脉粥样硬化之间的各个方面及关联。
使用关键词高脂饮食、表观遗传学和动脉粥样硬化单独或组合进行文献检索，以查找英文文章。去除重复文章，并将与本综述文章主题相关的文章纳入本综述。
文献综述表明，富含饱和脂肪酸的高脂饮食是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素，但这种关联是多因素的，表观遗传学起着关键作用。然而，其间的联系以及潜在的分子和细胞机制尚未明确，需要更多研究。
富含饱和脂肪酸的高脂饮食是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素，涉及表观遗传重编程和基因表达改变。现有的临床前和临床试验支持表观遗传学的作用，并通过使用药物逆转表观遗传学以减轻动脉粥样硬化，但确凿证据需要更大规模的临床试验。此外，孕妇的高脂饮食可能表现为后代的心血管疾病；孕妇必须注意其饮食和营养。
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