Physics-Constrained Deep Learning for Security Ink Colorimetry with Attention-Based Spectral Sensing.

The proliferation of sophisticated counterfeiting poses critical challenges to global security and commerce, with annual losses exceeding $2.2 trillion. This paper presents a novel physics-constrained deep learning framework for high-precision security ink colorimetry, integrating three key innovations: a physics-informed neural architecture achieving unprecedented color prediction accuracy (CIEDE2000 (ΔE00): 0.70 ± 0.08, < 0.001), advanced attention mechanisms improving feature extraction efficiency by 58.3%, and a Bayesian optimization framework ensuring robust parameter tuning. Validated across 1500 industrial samples under varying conditions (±2 °C, 30-80% RH), this system demonstrates substantial improvements in production efficiency with a 50% reduction in rejections, a 35% decrease in calibration time, and 96.7% color gamut coverage. These achievements establish new benchmarks for security printing applications and provide scalable solutions for next-generation anti-counterfeiting technologies, offering a promising outlook for the future.