RSK4通过激活RUNX1介导的血管生成促进透明细胞肾细胞癌的转移。
RSK4 promotes the metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by activating RUNX1-mediated angiogenesis.
作者信息
Ma Jing, Yang Yanru, Wang Kaijing, Liu Jin, Feng Junyi, Wang Gongcheng, Guo Shuangping, Fan Linni
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Basic Medical Research Experimental Center, Yan'an University of Medicine, Yan'an, China.
出版信息
Cancer Biol Ther. 2025 Dec;26(1):2452025. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2025.2452025. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
Ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 (RSK4), a member of the serine‒threonine kinase family, plays a vital role in the Ras‒MAPK pathway. This kinase is responsible for managing several cellular activities, including cell growth, proliferation, survival, and mobility. In this study, we observed higher RSK4 protein expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) than in normal kidney tissue, and the overexpression of RSK4 might predict poor outcomes for ccRCC patients. Notably, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rich in blood vessels; therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological function of RSK4 in ccRCC progression and its specific regulatory mechanism. We analyzed changes in the expression of target genes through transcriptomic and proteomic assessments. We also conducted tube formation assays and VEGF ELISAs to understand the role of RSK4 in angiogenesis. Additionally, we evaluated the regulatory effect of RUNX1 on EPHA2 transcription using a luciferase reporter gene assay and observed that the effect of RUNX1 on activating EPHA2 transcription was negated after the binding site was mutated. Our findings suggested that RSK4 enhanced tube formation by stimulating VEGF secretion. Concurrently, in vivo experiments confirmed that RSK4 expedited RCC metastasis and angiogenesis. This evidence indicates that RSK4 may serve as a new prognostic marker and play a vital role in RCC metastasis.
核糖体S6蛋白激酶4(RSK4)是丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶家族的成员,在Ras-MAPK信号通路中起着至关重要的作用。该激酶负责调控多种细胞活动,包括细胞生长、增殖、存活和迁移。在本研究中,我们观察到透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)中RSK4蛋白表达高于正常肾组织,且RSK4的过表达可能预示ccRCC患者预后不良。值得注意的是,肾细胞癌(RCC)血管丰富;因此,本研究旨在探讨RSK4在ccRCC进展中的生物学功能及其具体调控机制。我们通过转录组学和蛋白质组学评估分析了靶基因表达的变化。我们还进行了管腔形成试验和VEGF ELISA,以了解RSK4在血管生成中的作用。此外,我们使用荧光素酶报告基因试验评估了RUNX1对EPHA2转录的调控作用,并观察到结合位点突变后,RUNX1激活EPHA2转录的作用被消除。我们的研究结果表明,RSK4通过刺激VEGF分泌增强管腔形成。同时,体内实验证实RSK4加速了RCC转移和血管生成。这一证据表明,RSK4可能作为一种新的预后标志物,在RCC转移中发挥重要作用。