Rodríguez-González Carolina, Vázquez-Martínez Andrea, Villanueva-Blasco Víctor José
Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain.
Research Group in Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain.
J Prev (2022). 2025 Apr;46(2):161-187. doi: 10.1007/s10935-025-00825-2. Epub 2025 Jan 11.
Chemsex is a specific practice of sexualized drug use (SDU), linked mainly to the group of men who have sex with men (MSM). This practice has become a public health problem due to the increase in sexually transmitted infections and HIV. However, there are groups and aspects that require greater visibility and research. This study aims to (1) analyze whether the majority of existing studies on chemsex focus on MSM and to what extent studies have addressed other sexual orientations and gender identities; and (2) determine the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions implemented for the prevention and risk reduction associated with chemsex, excluding pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases between April and July 2024. The results were synthesized using a narrative approach and the methodological quality was evaluated of the studies included with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) instrument. The first search identified 1314 studies, 14 of them being relevant. The studies analyzed the presence of chemsex and SDU in diverse samples regarding sexual orientation and gender identity. They were plural and addressed multiple aspects that constitute the phenomenon of chemsex. The second search yielded 1985 studies, of which two met the inclusion criteria. No primary or secondary prevention interventions were recorded; however, risk prevention interventions were documented. These interventions demonstrated reductions in chemsex practices, engagement in unsafe sexual behaviors, and substance use. Chemsex reflects complex dynamics within sexually minoritized groups, influenced by gender, sexual orientation, and the collective's inherent insecurities. While risk reduction programs exist, there is a notable lack of primary prevention interventions. Expanding research to include diverse populations and developing inclusive strategies to address this phenomenon is crucial.
化学性爱（chemsex）是一种特定的性化药物使用行为（SDU），主要与男男性行为者（MSM）群体相关。由于性传播感染和艾滋病毒的增加，这种行为已成为一个公共卫生问题。然而，有一些群体和方面需要更多的关注和研究。本研究旨在：（1）分析现有关于化学性爱的研究是否大多聚焦于男男性行为者，以及研究在何种程度上涉及了其他性取向和性别认同；（2）确定为预防与化学性爱相关的风险而实施的干预措施的特点和效果，不包括艾滋病毒的暴露前和暴露后预防。遵循PRISMA指南，于2024年4月至7月在Cochrane图书馆、PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus和科学网数据库中进行了系统综述。结果采用叙述性方法进行综合，并使用混合方法评估工具（MMAT）对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估。第一次检索识别出1314项研究，其中14项相关。这些研究分析了不同性取向和性别认同样本中化学性爱和性化药物使用行为的存在情况。它们具有多样性，涉及构成化学性爱现象的多个方面。第二次检索得到1985项研究，其中两项符合纳入标准。未记录到一级或二级预防干预措施；然而，记录了风险预防干预措施。这些干预措施显示化学性爱行为、不安全性行为参与度和物质使用有所减少。化学性爱反映了性少数群体内部的复杂动态，受性别、性取向和群体固有的不安全感影响。虽然存在风险降低项目，但明显缺乏一级预防干预措施。扩大研究范围以纳入不同人群并制定包容性策略来应对这一现象至关重要。
