Schechtman Eva Gilboa, Hay Dan E, Schwartz Itai, Neria Yuval, Roe David
Psychology Department and the Gonda Brain Science Center Bar Ilan University, Israel.
Psychology Department and the Gonda Brain Science Center Bar Ilan University, Israel.
Psychiatry Res. 2025 Feb;344:116356. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116356. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
Mass disasters, whether natural or human-made, pose significant public health challenges, with some individuals demonstrating resilience, whereas others experience persistent emotional distress that may meet diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders. We explored key risk factors for distress following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks on Israel, focusing on trauma exposure, gender, and event centrality.
A longitudinal study design was used, assessing posttraumatic distress (PTSD), depression, generalized anxiety, event centrality, and functioning at approximately three (T1; n=858) and seven (T2, n=509) months post-attack.
Replicating findings from war trauma literature, we documented a high comorbidity among PTSD, depression, and anxiety; greater distress in women; and a dose-response relationship between exposure and distress. Event centrality was consistently linked to distress at both time points. Extending the literature, we found that gender, exposure, and event centrality contributed to distress at each time point. Moreover, important gender-specific patterns of risk and distress were revealed. In addition, distress at T1, event centrality at T1, gender, and continuous exposure contributed to distress at T2. Whereas distress and event centrality remained stable, functioning improved significantly from T1 to T2, highlighting the different trajectories of distress and recovery.
Personalized approaches and continuous monitoring of individuals exposed to cumulative trauma are highlighted. The importance of assessing multiple indices of trauma - distress, functioning, and meaning -to address mental health needs in the wake of mass disasters is emphasized.
大规模灾难，无论是自然的还是人为的，都会带来重大的公共卫生挑战，一些人表现出恢复力，而另一些人则经历持续的情绪困扰，可能符合心理健康障碍的诊断标准。我们探讨了2023年10月7日哈马斯袭击以色列后困扰的关键风险因素，重点关注创伤暴露、性别和事件中心性。
采用纵向研究设计，在袭击后约三个月（T1；n = 858）和七个月（T2，n = 509）评估创伤后困扰（PTSD）、抑郁、广泛性焦虑、事件中心性和功能。
重复战争创伤文献中的研究结果，我们记录了PTSD、抑郁和焦虑之间的高共病率；女性的困扰更大；暴露与困扰之间存在剂量反应关系。在两个时间点，事件中心性都与困扰持续相关。扩展文献，我们发现性别、暴露和事件中心性在每个时间点都导致了困扰。此外，还揭示了重要的性别特异性风险和困扰模式。此外，T1时的困扰、T1时的事件中心性、性别和持续暴露导致了T2时的困扰。虽然困扰和事件中心性保持稳定，但从T1到T2功能显著改善，突出了困扰和恢复的不同轨迹。
强调了针对遭受累积创伤的个体采取个性化方法和持续监测。强调了评估创伤的多个指标——困扰、功能和意义——以满足大规模灾难后心理健康需求的重要性。
