Li Kedi, Rahman Saeed Ur, Rehman Asad, Li Haoxiang, Hui Nan, Khalid Muhammad
Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China.
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Apr 5;487:137148. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137148. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
Understanding the impact of different soil amendments on microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination is crucial for optimizing agricultural practices and mitigating environmental risks. This study investigated the effects of different fertilizer regimes and biochar on plant-associated bacterial communities and ARGs dissemination. The biochar's structural and chemical characteristics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing a porous architecture with diverse functional groups. The presence of ARGs varied significantly across groups, with manure-treated samples exhibiting the greatest diversity and abundance, raising concerns about ARGs dissemination. Soil enzyme activities responded differently to treatments; manure significantly enhanced catalase, acid phosphatase, and urease activities, whereas saccharase was most responsive to chemical fertilizer. These differences are possibly responsible for the distinct microbiome structure associated with the plant's root system. The analysis of bacterial diversity and richness across rhizocompartments and the phyllosphere highlighted that manure-treated rhizospheres and phyllospheres displayed the highest species richness and diversity. Notably, Proteobacteria dominated across most treatments, with distinct shifts in bacterial phyla and genera influenced by manure and biochar applications. The LEfSe analysis identified key indicator genera specific to each group, indicating that both fertilizer type and biochar application significantly shape microbial community composition. Co-occurrence network analysis further demonstrated that manure and biochar treatments created unique microbial networks in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, phyllosphere, and endosphere, highlighting the role of these amendments in modulating microbial interactions in plant-associated environments. These findings suggest that manure, while enhancing microbial diversity and soil enzyme activities, also increases ARGs, whereas biochar may not contribute to the spread of ARGs and fosters distinct microbial communities, offering valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices.
了解不同土壤改良剂对微生物群落和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）传播的影响，对于优化农业实践和降低环境风险至关重要。本研究调查了不同施肥制度和生物炭对植物相关细菌群落及ARGs传播的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱对生物炭的结构和化学特性进行了表征，揭示了其具有多种官能团的多孔结构。不同组中ARGs的存在差异显著，粪肥处理的样品表现出最大的多样性和丰度，这引发了对ARGs传播的担忧。土壤酶活性对处理的反应不同；粪肥显著提高了过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性，而蔗糖酶对化肥最为敏感。这些差异可能是与植物根系相关的独特微生物群落结构的原因。对根际和叶际不同根区室细菌多样性和丰富度的分析表明，粪肥处理的根际和叶际显示出最高的物种丰富度和多样性。值得注意的是，在大多数处理中变形菌门占主导地位，粪肥和生物炭的施用影响了细菌门和属的明显变化。LEfSe分析确定了每组特定的关键指示属，表明肥料类型和生物炭施用均显著影响微生物群落组成。共现网络分析进一步表明，粪肥和生物炭处理在根际、根表、叶际和内生菌中形成了独特的微生物网络，突出了这些改良剂在调节植物相关环境中微生物相互作用的作用。这些发现表明，粪肥虽然增加了微生物多样性和土壤酶活性，但也增加了ARGs，而生物炭可能不会促进ARGs的传播，并促进形成独特的微生物群落，为可持续农业实践提供了有价值的见解。
