Bolea Muguruza Gabriela, de Frutos Martínez Cristina, Tamayo Martínez M Teresa, Martín Corral Judith
Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2025 Jan;102(1):503718. doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.503718. Epub 2025 Jan 11.
The achievement of oral feeding competence (OFC) is a challenge in preterm infants and can be affected by several factors.
The aim of our study was to determine the time elapsed to development of OFC in very low birth weight (VLBW, weight <1500g) preterm infants and to identify factors associated with greater difficulty in achieving this skill.
Observational, longitudinal and prospective study in VLBW infants over a period of 7 years (2016-2022). We collected data on perinatal variables, feeding practices and complications associated with prematurity. We analyzed the number of days needed to achieve OFC and which variables predicted greater delay in achieving OFC.
We included 145 VLBW infants with a median gestational age (GA) of 29 weeks with a weight of 1247g. Oral feeding was initiated at 33.6 weeks (SD, 1.2) and full oral feeding was achieved at 35.9 weeks (SD, 1.9). The median time to achievement of OFC was 15 days (8-22.5). The variables associated with longer delay of OFC were severe combined morbidity (24 vs 14 days; P<.001) and moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (23 vs 14 days; P<.001). In infants without severe combined morbidity, we found no differences in the days elapsed to achievement of OFC between those born before or after 28 weeks of GA (P=.131).
Our findings highlight the importance of structuring the transition to oral feeding and identifying the most at-risk group, which in our study were infants with severe morbidity associated with prematurity, for the purpose of targeting potential interventions.
实现经口喂养能力（OFC）对早产儿来说是一项挑战，且可能受到多种因素影响。
我们研究的目的是确定极低出生体重（VLBW，体重<1500g）早产儿达到经口喂养能力所需的时间，并确定与获得该技能难度较大相关的因素。
对VLBW婴儿进行了为期7年（2016 - 2022年）的观察性、纵向和前瞻性研究。我们收集了围产期变量、喂养方式以及与早产相关并发症的数据。我们分析了达到经口喂养能力所需的天数以及哪些变量预示着达到经口喂养能力会有更大延迟。
我们纳入了145例VLBW婴儿，中位胎龄（GA）为29周，体重为1247g。经口喂养于33.6周（标准差，1.2）开始，完全经口喂养于35.9周（标准差，1.9）实现。达到经口喂养能力的中位时间为15天（8 - 22.5天）。与经口喂养能力延迟时间较长相关的变量是严重合并症（24天对14天；P<.001）和中度/重度支气管肺发育不良（23天对14天；P<.001）。在无严重合并症的婴儿中，我们发现胎龄28周之前或之后出生的婴儿在达到经口喂养能力的天数上没有差异（P = 0.131）。
我们的研究结果强调了构建向经口喂养过渡的重要性，并确定最具风险的群体，在我们的研究中是与早产相关的严重疾病婴儿，以便进行有针对性的潜在干预。
