Fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and disease activity during pregnancy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a descriptive study.

To investigate the fertility status, pregnancy outcomes, and disease activity during and after pregnancy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) currently being followed up at an adult rheumatology clinic. This study included 141 adult patients diagnosed with according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria, who are now monitored at an adult rheumatology clinic. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, medication history, fertility status, and pregnancy outcomes were collected through medical records and patient interviews. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test to compare categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Out of 141 patients (65 male, 76 female), 19 female and 6 male patients attempted to have children. Six male patients fathered ten children without assisted reproductive techniques (ART), while 16 female patients had 19 children. Only one patient couldn't conceive. The observed pregnancy complications included miscarriage (17.4%), preeclampsia (4.3%), preterm birth (4.3%), and gestational diabetes (4.3%). Flares during or within the first month after labor in 32.2% of pregnancies. There was no statistically significant association between medication use and pregnancy complications or disease activity during pregnancy. JIA does not significantly impact fertility or increase the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disease activity during pregnancy and postpartum flares are manageable without the need for additional precautions. Patients with JIA can pursue pregnancy without significant concerns related to their condition. Key Points • JIA does not significantly impact fertility in both male and female patients. • JIA does not increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes or complications. • JIA disease activity remains stable and manageable during pregnancy and postpartum.