Patanè Cristina, Pellegrino Alessandra, Saita Alessandro, Calcagno Silvio, Cosentino Salvatore L, Scandurra Alessio, Cafaro Valeria
CNR-Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE), Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy.
Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 12;11(1):e41187. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41187. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Recently, the use of plant-derived biostimulants has been suggested as a sustainable way to improve the nutritional quality of tomato and mitigate the effects of environmental stresses In this regard, a two-year experiment was conducted in open field on four cultivars of tomato (two commercial tomatoes and two local landraces of long shelf-life tomato), to assess the crop response, in terms of fruit yield and quality traits, to the foliar application of two plant-derived biostimulants based on protein hydrolysates (PH), under opposite water regimes (no irrigation and full irrigation), in a semi-arid environment of South Italy. Tomato plants in field were sprayed with a solution containing one of the two biostimulants approximately every 15 days. Full irrigation significantly promoted plant productivity, leading to yields the 22 % and 57 % higher than those produced under no irrigation. Biostimulants significantly promoted plant productivity (+57 % and +39 %, respectively under no and full irrigation, on the average of the two biostimulants), although in the first year only. Overall, fruit quality was better in fruits produced in plants exposed to prolonged soil water deficit. Biostimulants, across cultivars and water regimes, had no effect or even declined fruit quality in terms of total solids (TS), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), reducing sugars (RS). The antioxidants were higher in fruits produced under prolonged soil water deficit. Except in the two commercial tomatoes, lycopene content was greater under full irrigation. Overall, the effects of biostimulants on the antioxidants were rather inconsistent. Significant interactions among the three experimental factors on fruit quality traits suggest that the application of biostimulant should be modulated according to water regime and cultivar, involving specific open-field experiments. Interesting correlations (positive or negative) among all the examined traits were described in the current study. A PCA analysis was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of dataset considering the large number of variables in combination. PCA analysis allowed to distribute cultivars and treatments in four distinct groups, according to quality traits. Fluctuating results between the two years of experiment indicated that the tomato response to the application of biostimulants is strictly season-dependent. Future multi-sites and multi-year research are needed to fine-tune the use of biostimulants and, ultimately, make the crop more economically and environmentally convenient than the cultivation of untreated plants.
最近，有人提出使用植物源生物刺激剂是提高番茄营养品质和减轻环境胁迫影响的一种可持续方法。在这方面，在意大利南部的半干旱环境中，于露地对四个番茄品种（两个商业番茄品种和两个长货架期番茄地方品种）进行了为期两年的试验，以评估在相反水分条件（不灌溉和充分灌溉）下，叶面喷施两种基于蛋白质水解物（PH）的植物源生物刺激剂对作物产量和品质性状的响应。田间的番茄植株大约每15天喷施一次含有两种生物刺激剂之一的溶液。充分灌溉显著提高了作物产量，与不灌溉相比，产量分别高出22%和57%。生物刺激剂显著提高了作物产量（在不灌溉和充分灌溉条件下，两种生物刺激剂的平均增产率分别为57%和39%），不过仅在第一年如此。总体而言，长期处于土壤水分亏缺状态下的植株所结果实的品质更佳。在总固形物（TS）、可溶性固形物（SS）、可滴定酸度（TA）、还原糖（RS）方面，生物刺激剂对所有品种和水分条件下的果实品质均无影响，甚至使其下降。长期处于土壤水分亏缺状态下的植株所结果实的抗氧化剂含量更高。除了两个商业番茄品种外，充分灌溉条件下番茄红素含量更高。总体而言，生物刺激剂对抗氧化剂的影响相当不一致。三个试验因素对果实品质性状存在显著交互作用，这表明生物刺激剂的施用应根据水分条件和品种进行调整，需要开展特定的田间试验。本研究描述了所有检测性状之间有趣的相关性（正相关或负相关）。考虑到变量众多，进行了主成分分析（PCA）以降低数据集的维度。PCA分析根据品质性状将品种和处理分为四个不同的组。两年试验结果的波动表明，番茄对生物刺激剂施用的响应严格依赖季节。未来需要进行多地点、多年的研究，以优化生物刺激剂的使用，最终使作物在经济和环境方面比未处理植株的种植更具优势。
