Mendu Celyne, Rashid Syarifah Ab, Nur Atirah Wan Mohd Azemin Wan Siti, Philip Noraini
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 14;11(1):e41239. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41239. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Leptospirosis is a recurring zoonotic disease of global significance. Leptospirosis is curable, and antibiotics are available for its treatment. However, little is known about the effectiveness of the currently used antibiotics against different species, serovars, and strains. This review aimed to give insight into the anti-leptospiral activities of the currently available antibiotics towards strains and their effectiveness in treating and preventing leptospirosis. Anti-leptospiral activities from natural resources were also reviewed. The literature search was conducted using several databases. The majority of strains were sensitive to the current antibiotics. Antibiotics can accelerate the defervescence and reduced the occurrence of leptospirosis cases, nevertheless, there is no affirmative evidence on the beneficial effects of the antibiotics compared to placebo in preventing death. Adverse reactions like Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (JHR) in patients treated with the current antibiotics were also reported. Plants, marine actinobacteria and propolis are shown as potential sources of new anti-leptospiral compounds. Although leptospirosis can still be adequately treated with current antibiotics, continuous susceptibility testing and the development of novel antibiotics especially from natural resources are highly encouraged.
钩端螺旋体病是一种具有全球重要性的复发性人畜共患病。钩端螺旋体病是可治愈的，且有抗生素可用于治疗。然而，对于目前使用的抗生素针对不同物种、血清型和菌株的有效性知之甚少。本综述旨在深入了解目前可用抗生素对菌株的抗钩端螺旋体活性及其在治疗和预防钩端螺旋体病方面的有效性。还对来自自然资源的抗钩端螺旋体活性进行了综述。使用多个数据库进行了文献检索。大多数菌株对目前的抗生素敏感。抗生素可以加速退热并减少钩端螺旋体病病例的发生，然而，与安慰剂相比，在预防死亡方面，尚无确凿证据表明抗生素具有有益效果。也有报道称，使用目前的抗生素治疗的患者会出现如赫氏反应（JHR）等不良反应。植物、海洋放线菌和蜂胶被证明是新的抗钩端螺旋体化合物的潜在来源。尽管目前的抗生素仍能充分治疗钩端螺旋体病，但强烈鼓励持续进行药敏试验并开发新型抗生素，尤其是来自自然资源的抗生素。
