Skinnars Josefsson Malin, Einarsson Sandra, Seppälä Linn, Payne Liz, Söderström Lisa, Liljeberg Evelina
Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.
Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jan 9;13(1):e4722. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4722. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Research on disease-related malnutrition and adherence to oral nutritional supplements (ONS) has increased in recent years. To guide future studies, it is important to identify trends in terminology use and intervention characteristics. This review aimed to map characteristics of research investigating adherence to ONS in patients with disease-related malnutrition and explore changes over time. This review is a secondary analysis of quantitative studies from a systematic mixed-studies review. Online databases, including PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and APA PsycInfo, were searched to identify studies published from 2000 to March 2022. A quantitative content analysis of extracted data was performed, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess methodological risk of bias. This review includes 137 articles, over half of which are randomized controlled trials (52%). The term "oral nutritional supplements" was used in 40% of the studies. Adherence to ONS was mainly described by the term "compliance" (69%). It was most common to offer ready-made milk-based ONS (56%) and ONS as a sole intervention (51%). The prescribed dose of ONS was fixed in 64% of studies and individualized in 22% of studies. There was variation in the methods used to assess adherence to ONS, and adherence was not reported in nearly a fifth of studies. There was an increase in methodological quality over time ( = 0.024). To ensure better understanding and increase the rigor and reproducibility of ONS intervention research, it is crucial to standardize the terminology used and to describe the interventions clearly.
近年来，关于疾病相关营养不良和口服营养补充剂（ONS）依从性的研究有所增加。为指导未来的研究，识别术语使用趋势和干预特征很重要。本综述旨在梳理疾病相关营养不良患者中ONS依从性研究的特征，并探讨随时间的变化。本综述是对一项系统混合研究综述中的定量研究进行的二次分析。检索了包括PubMed、Cinahl、Cochrane对照试验中央注册库和APA PsycInfo在内的在线数据库，以识别2000年至2022年3月发表的研究。对提取的数据进行了定量内容分析，并使用混合方法评估工具（MMAT）评估方法学偏倚风险。本综述纳入了137篇文章，其中一半以上是随机对照试验（52%）。40%的研究使用了“口服营养补充剂”一词。ONS依从性主要用“依从性”一词描述（69%）。提供现成的基于牛奶的ONS（56%）和ONS作为唯一干预措施（51%）最为常见。64%的研究中ONS的规定剂量是固定的，22%的研究中是个体化的。评估ONS依从性的方法存在差异，近五分之一的研究未报告依从性情况。随着时间的推移，方法学质量有所提高（=0.024）。为确保更好的理解并提高ONS干预研究的严谨性和可重复性，规范使用的术语并清晰描述干预措施至关重要。
