Liu Kang, He Hui, Liu Min, Hu Yu-Qi, Lu Louise Weiwei, Liu Bin, Chen Jie-Hua
School of Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Food Funct. 2025 Feb 3;16(3):831-852. doi: 10.1039/d4fo05125d.
: carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs) have gained attention to address metabolic dysregulation commonly observed in dyslipidemia, a condition posing significant risks to cardiovascular health. However, the effectiveness of CRDs in improving cardiovascular health remains contentious. This meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the long-term effects of CRDs on glucolipid metabolism and weight loss in individuals with dyslipidemia. : extensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of CRDs on glucolipid metabolism and weight loss in adults with dyslipidemia over a minimum of three weeks were included. This analysis compared the differential effects between moderate-low carbohydrate diets (MLCDs) and low carbohydrate diets (LCDs), including a targeted evaluation of animal-based CRDs and dyslipidemic individuals based on the BMI status, thereby addressing gaps in current knowledge. : Our findings indicated that CRDs significantly enhanced lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and contributed to weight management in individuals with dyslipidemia. MLCDs were more effective than LCDs in improving all lipid profiles except for TG, which was more effectively managed by LCDs. Animal-based CRDs did not significantly impact lipid profiles. Dyslipidemic individuals with overweight and obesity showed significant changes in TG and ApoB. A noteworthy negative correlation was also observed between TC, TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with higher dietary fiber intake, supporting the beneficial impact of fiber on cardiovascular health. : These results for the first time highlighted the potential of adopting MLCDs, particularly those with sufficient fiber content, as a powerful strategy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients suffering from dyslipidemia.
低碳水化合物饮食（CRDs）已受到关注，以解决血脂异常中常见的代谢失调问题，血脂异常是一种对心血管健康构成重大风险的疾病。然而，CRDs在改善心血管健康方面的有效性仍存在争议。这项荟萃分析全面评估了CRDs对血脂异常个体糖脂代谢和体重减轻的长期影响。：在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane图书馆和EMBASE中进行了广泛检索。纳入了至少为期三周的、研究CRDs对血脂异常成年人糖脂代谢和体重减轻影响的随机对照试验。该分析比较了中低碳水化合物饮食（MLCDs）和低碳水化合物饮食（LCDs）之间的差异影响，包括基于BMI状态对动物性CRDs和血脂异常个体进行针对性评估，从而填补当前知识空白。：我们的研究结果表明，CRDs显著改善了血脂指标，包括总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和载脂蛋白B（ApoB），并有助于血脂异常个体的体重管理。在改善除TG以外的所有血脂指标方面，MLCDs比LCDs更有效，而TG由LCDs管理更有效。动物性CRDs对血脂指标没有显著影响。超重和肥胖的血脂异常个体的TG和ApoB有显著变化。还观察到TC、TG和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与较高膳食纤维摄入量之间存在显著负相关，支持了纤维对心血管健康的有益影响。：这些结果首次强调了采用MLCDs，特别是那些纤维含量充足的MLCDs，作为降低血脂异常患者心血管疾病风险的有力策略的潜力。
