Salt substitutes and medicinal potassium sources: risks and benefits.

The purpose of this investigation was to gather and summarize currently available product information on salt substitutes, low-sodium products, and medicinal potassium supplements. A review of the literature identified both risks (e.g., hyperkalemia) and benefits (e.g., changing sodium:potassium ratios, and low-cost substitutes for medicinal potassium replacement) resulting from the use of salt substitutes. Risks and benefits are related to individual patient conditions and treatment plans. Nutritionists and physicians must be aware of the medicinal and dietary potassium sources and be able to educate patients in the proper use of the products. Lists of medicinal and dietary sources of potassium are provided to aid health professionals in determining appropriate potassium equivalents. Case reports from the literature of patients developing hyperkalemia secondary to the use of salt substitutes are summarized. Regular monitoring of serum potassium levels is necessary to achieve and maintain normal values.