AIM: Odontogenesis is a complex and highly regulated biological process that involves a range of molecular mechanisms. Among these, Ki67 and Cyclin D1 are crucial cell cycle regulators that play pivotal roles in controlling cell proliferation during tooth development. This study aims to provide detailed insights into the expression patterns and functional significance of Ki67 and Cyclin D1 in tooth development. Through rigorous analysis, we seek to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying tooth development, helping to advance our understanding of this vital biological process. MATERIALS & METHODS: The procurement of rabbit tooth germ was performed only after obtaining the requisite ethical clearance. Subsequently, the tissues were processed and subjected to Hematoxylin and Eosin staining to facilitate enhanced visualization of the overall tissue architecture and organization & immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 was performed. RESULTS: In the tooth germ, cyclin D1 demonstrated intense staining in the dental papilla, especially in the membrana preformativa, with this intensity decreasing following predentin formation. Odontoblasts showed mild staining as they transitioned from pre-odontoblasts, which further diminished after dentin formation. Both the dental papilla and differentiating odontoblasts were positive for Ki67, though Ki67 staining in the odontoblasts reduced after dentin formation. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the membrana preformativa plays a key role in odontogenesis, as indicated by its involvement in cellular proliferation and differentiation during tooth development.