Jakobsen Louise Kollander, Kjærulf Victor, Bray Janet, Olasveengen Theresa Mariero, Folke Fredrik
Emergency Medical Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Resusc Plus. 2024 Dec 14;21:100841. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100841. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a critical health concern, where prompt access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) significantly improves survival. This scoping review broadly investigates the feasibility and impact of dronedelivered AEDs for OHCA response.
PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 6, 2024, with eligibility broadly including empirical data. The charting process involved iterative data extraction for thematic analysis.
We identified 306 titles and, after duplicate removal, title/abstract screening, and full text review, included 39 studies. These were divided into three categories: 1) Real-world observational studies (n = 3), 2) Test flights/simulation studies and qualitative analyses (n = 15), and 3) Computer/prediction models (n = 21). Real-world studies demonstrated the feasibility of drone AED delivery, with a time advantage of 01:52 - 03:14 min over ambulances observed in 64-67 % of cases. Test flight/simulation and qualitative studies consistently reported feasibility and positive bystander experiences. Computer/prediction models exhibited considerable heterogeneity, yet all indicated significant time savings for AED delivery compared to traditional EMS methods. Moreover, seven studies estimated improved survival rates, with five assessing cost-effectiveness and favouring drone systems. Regional factors such as EMS response times, volunteer responder programmes, terrain, weather, and budget constraints influenced the system's effectiveness.
Across all categories, studies confirmed the feasibility of drone-delivered AED systems, with significant potential for reducing time to AED arrival compared to EMS arrival. Prediction models suggested enhanced survival alongside costeffectiveness. Further research, including more extensive real-world studies and regulatory advancements, is imperative to integrate drones effectively into OHCA response systems.
院外心脏骤停（OHCA）仍然是一个关键的健康问题，及时使用自动体外除颤器（AED）可显著提高生存率。本范围综述广泛调查了无人机配送AED用于OHCA响应的可行性和影响。
检索了PubMed、Cochrane和Web of Science数据库，从建库至2024年8月6日，纳入标准广泛包括实证数据。图表绘制过程包括反复的数据提取以进行主题分析。
我们识别出306篇标题，经过去除重复、标题/摘要筛选和全文审查后，纳入了39项研究。这些研究分为三类：1）真实世界观察性研究（n = 3），2）试飞/模拟研究和定性分析（n = 15），3）计算机/预测模型（n = 21）。真实世界研究证明了无人机配送AED的可行性，在64% - 67%的案例中观察到，与救护车相比，时间优势为01:52 - 03:14分钟。试飞/模拟和定性研究一致报告了可行性和旁观者的积极体验。计算机/预测模型表现出相当大的异质性，但所有模型均表明，与传统急救医疗服务（EMS）方法相比，AED配送可显著节省时间。此外，七项研究估计了生存率的提高，五项评估了成本效益并支持无人机系统。诸如EMS响应时间、志愿者响应者计划、地形、天气和预算限制等区域因素影响了该系统的有效性。
在所有类别中，研究证实了无人机配送AED系统的可行性，与EMS到达相比，在减少AED到达时间方面具有巨大潜力。预测模型表明生存率提高且具有成本效益。进一步的研究，包括更广泛的真实世界研究和监管进展，对于将无人机有效整合到OHCA响应系统中至关重要。
