Asledottir Tora, Mamone Gianfranco, Picariello Gianluca, Vegarud Gerd E, Røseth Arne, Ferranti Pasquale, Devold Tove G
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway.
Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jan 29;73(4):2373-2380. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05959. Epub 2025 Jan 15.
This study focused on identifying amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) in seven Norwegian-cultivated wheat varieties, including common wheat and ancestral species, and identifying potentially harmful opioid peptides within the digesta of these wheats. LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides from ATI fractions revealed that the common wheat variety Børsum exhibited the highest diversity of ATIs ( = 24), while they were less represented in tetraploid emmer ( = 11). Hexaploid wheat Bastian showed low diversity and relative abundance of ATIs. Nevertheless, digestion of Mirakel and Bastian by human gastrointestinal juices released the highest number of opioid-containing peptides, representing both gluten exorphins and gliadorphin. In conclusion, emmer had the lowest levels of ATIs, while einkorn and spelt released the fewest opioid-containing peptides after digestion. These results point to the potential lower harmful effects of ancestral wheat compared to common hexaploid wheat varieties for wheat-sensitive individuals.
本研究着重于鉴定七个挪威种植的小麦品种（包括普通小麦和原始品种）中的淀粉酶-胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ATI），并鉴定这些小麦消化物中潜在有害的阿片样肽。对ATI组分的胰蛋白酶肽进行LC-MS/MS分析表明，普通小麦品种Børsum的ATI多样性最高（ = 24），而在四倍体二粒小麦中含量较少（ = 11）。六倍体小麦Bastian的ATI多样性和相对丰度较低。然而，Mirakel和Bastian经人胃肠液消化后释放出的含阿片样肽数量最多，包括麸质外啡肽和麦醇溶蛋白衍生肽。总之，二粒小麦的ATI水平最低，而一粒小麦和斯佩尔特小麦在消化后释放的含阿片样肽最少。这些结果表明，与普通六倍体小麦品种相比，原始小麦对小麦敏感个体的潜在有害影响可能更低。
