Sugiharto Firman, Asmara A Danang, Sari Wulan Puspita, Freitas Lurdes Acorta, Ramdani Dadan, Anna Anastasia, Nuraeni Aan, Trisyani Yanny, Purnomo Yudi
Master Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2025 Jan 11;18:83-100. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S489600. eCollection 2025.
Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) implantation is essential in treating cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders, especially in patients with heart failure. Although PPM has been proven to improve quality of life and prolong life expectancy in patients with cardiac conduction disorders, post implantation complications still often occur.
This study aimed to identify types of complications and associated predictors in patients undergoing PPM implantation.
This review used a systematic review design and follows the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The database used was PubMed, CINAHL: Medline Ultimate, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and search engines: Google Scholar. Articles with observational designs and RCTs in English were included without limitation of publication year.
This review analyzed 15 articles. The analysis showed that there are five categories of factors which influences the incidence of complications in patients after PPM implantation: demographic, pre-existing clinical, comorbid disease, procedural, operator experience, and activity factors. The complications that are most frequently reported are generator erosion, pacemaker infection, pneumothorax, atrial lead displacement, battery depletion, and even death after PPM implantation.
There are many incidents of complications and factors that influence complications in patients after PPM placement. The reported complications underscore the importance of careful patient selection and procedure execution to minimize risks. Healthcare providers should emphasize patients with risk factors to provide targeted monitoring and management. Integrating a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, nephrologists, surgeons, and the nursing team is essential to optimizing patient care and improving clinical outcomes.
植入永久性起搏器（PPM）对于治疗心律失常和传导障碍至关重要，尤其是对于心力衰竭患者。尽管PPM已被证明可改善心脏传导障碍患者的生活质量并延长预期寿命，但植入后并发症仍经常发生。
本研究旨在确定接受PPM植入患者的并发症类型及相关预测因素。
本综述采用系统评价设计，并遵循Cochrane系统评价手册及系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。使用的数据库为PubMed、CINAHL：Medline Ultimate、ScienceDirect、Scopus以及搜索引擎：谷歌学术。纳入英文的观察性设计文章和随机对照试验，无出版年份限制。
本综述分析了15篇文章。分析表明，有五类因素会影响PPM植入后患者并发症的发生率：人口统计学因素、既往临床因素、合并疾病、手术操作因素、术者经验以及活动因素。最常报告的并发症有发生器侵蚀、起搏器感染、气胸、心房电极移位、电池耗尽，甚至PPM植入后死亡。
PPM植入后患者存在许多并发症事件及影响并发症的因素。所报告的并发症凸显了谨慎选择患者和执行手术以降低风险的重要性。医疗服务提供者应重视有风险因素的患者，进行针对性监测和管理。整合包括心脏病专家、肾病专家、外科医生和护理团队在内的多学科方法对于优化患者护理和改善临床结局至关重要。
