Zhou Rong, Yu Xiaqing, Li Yankai, Ji Yanhai, Song Xiaoming, Kristensen Hanne Lakkenborg, Ottosen Carl-Otto, Jiang Fangling, Wu Zhen
Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2025 Mar;220:109498. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109498. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
Plants are often exposed to combined stress, e.g. heat and cadmium (Cd) stress under natural conditions. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is usually applied in excess, even though it is an essential nutrition for plants. We aimed to clarify the effects of elevated temperature, Cd stress, reduced N fertilizer and their interaction on leaf physiology and metabolism of anthesis tomato plants. Tomato plants at anthesis stage were subjected to unique combinations of elevated temperature (34 °C/30 °C), Cd stress (0.1 mM CdCl) and half N (N = 95 ppm) treatment. The elevated temperature generally decreased leaf intracellular CO concentration and stomatal conductance, but increased transpiration rate with no significant changes in net photosynthetic rate, as compared with control. The plants under elevated temperature exhibited higher chlorophyll content as well as lower anthocyanin than under control temperature. The temperature had significant impacts on open flowers in the 1st inflorescence counting from bottom, open flower percentage in the 1st inflorescence, fresh and dry weight of flowers. Temperature played a predominant role in the changes of metabolites among the three factors based on metabolome. The Cd stress and reduced N supply also affected leaf metabolites of tomato plants, even though the effects on metabolites and physiology were less than that of elevated temperature. Trend analysis of the metabolites showed eight types in tomatoes under eight treatments. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism and ABC transporters pathways positively responded to the elevated temperature. Moreover, there were significant interactions between the three factors (temperature, CdCl and N) on tomato physiological and morphological parameters. We concluded that the physiological and metabolic responses of tomato plants were more pronounced to the elevated temperatures as compared with cadmium stress and reduced nitrogen fertilizer. This study can support the understanding of complex regulatory mechanisms in plants responding to multiple environmental changes due to climate change, management practice and environmental pollution.
在自然条件下，植物常常遭受复合胁迫，例如高温和镉（Cd）胁迫。尽管氮（N）是植物必需的养分，但氮肥通常过量施用。我们旨在阐明高温、镉胁迫、减少氮肥施用及其相互作用对花期番茄植株叶片生理和代谢的影响。对花期番茄植株进行了高温（34℃/30℃）、镉胁迫（0.1 mM CdCl）和减半氮肥（N = 95 ppm）处理的独特组合。与对照相比，高温通常会降低叶片细胞内CO浓度和气孔导度，但会提高蒸腾速率，而净光合速率无显著变化。高温处理下的植株叶绿素含量较高，花青素含量低于对照温度下的植株。温度对从底部数第一花序中的开放花朵、第一花序中的开花百分率、花朵的鲜重和干重有显著影响。基于代谢组学，温度在三个因素引起的代谢物变化中起主要作用。镉胁迫和减少氮肥供应也影响番茄植株的叶片代谢物，尽管对代谢物和生理的影响小于高温。对代谢物的趋势分析表明，在八种处理下番茄中有八种类型。次生代谢物的生物合成、苯丙烷类生物合成、亚油酸代谢和ABC转运蛋白途径对高温呈正向响应。此外，三个因素（温度、CdCl和N）对番茄生理和形态参数存在显著相互作用。我们得出结论，与镉胁迫和减少氮肥施用相比，番茄植株对高温的生理和代谢反应更为明显。本研究有助于理解植物因气候变化、管理措施和环境污染而对多种环境变化作出响应的复杂调控机制。
