Unveiling the safety landscape: A comprehensive review of the toxicological profile of facial aesthetic implants and biomaterials.

Exploring diverse biomaterials and implants in the ear, nose, and throat by understanding adverse effects and post-usage events. Literature was obtained from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on original research studies, case reports, and case series spanning from December 2010 to May 2022. Our analysis underscores that the effectiveness of cochlear implants (CIs) relies on factors such as biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory measures, and fibrosis reduction. Although silicone is employed in otologic applications, allergic reactions leading to CI extrusion are rare. In the context of partial ossicular replacement prostheses or total ossicular replacement prostheses, polyethylene grafts (Teflon) are utilized, and Nitinol-pistons are employed in stapedotomy, with adverse consequences encompassing graft extrusion and residual perforation. Chronic sphenoid sinusitis is linked to the use of Medpor porous polyethylene implants in sellar reconstruction during skull-based surgeries. Injectable collagen preparations in vocal cord paralysis lead to submucosal deposits and resultant dysphonia. Montgomery T-tubes are employed for subglottic stenosis but are associated with granulation tissue formation. Metallic tracheostomy tubes give rise to secondary foreign bodies, and double-lumen tracheostomy tubes are prone to biofilm formation. Despite numerous research studies, there remains a necessity for the refinement of implant designs to mitigate complications and enhance the overall quality of life for patients.