Gao Tianyu, Zhou Yuqing, Pan Xinyue, Li Wenxin, Han Shihui
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai 519087, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2025 Feb 3;20(1). doi: 10.1093/scan/nsaf009.
Previous findings of better behavioral responses to self- over other-related stimuli suggest prioritized cognitive processes of self-related information. However, it is unclear whether the processing of information related to important others (e.g.friends) may be prioritized over that related to the self in certain subpopulations and, if yes, whether friend-prioritization and self-prioritization engage distinct cognitive and neural mechanisms. We collected behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data from a large sample (N = 1006) during learning associations between shapes and person labels (self or a friend). Analyses of response times and sensitivities revealed two subpopulations who performed better to friend-shape or self-shape associations, respectively (N = 216 for each group). Drift diffusion model (DDM) analyses unraveled faster information acquisition for friend-shape (vs. self-shape) associations in the friend-prioritization group but an opposite pattern in the self-prioritization group. Trial-by-trial regression analyses of EEG data showed that the greater amplitudes of a frontal/central activity at 180-240 ms poststimulus were correlated with faster information acquisition from friend-shape associations in the friend-prioritization group but from self-shape associations in the self-prioritization group. However, the frontal/central neural oscillations at 8-18 Hz during perceptual learning were specifically associated with speed of information acquisition from friend-shape associations in the friend-prioritization-group. Our findings provide evidence for friend-prioritization in perceptual learning in a subpopulation of adults and clarify the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms.
先前的研究发现，相较于与他人相关的刺激，对自我相关刺激有更好的行为反应，这表明自我相关信息的认知过程具有优先性。然而，尚不清楚在某些亚群体中，与重要他人（如朋友）相关的信息处理是否可能优先于与自我相关的信息处理；如果是，朋友优先和自我优先是否涉及不同的认知和神经机制。我们在形状与人的标签（自我或朋友）之间建立关联学习期间，从一个大样本（N = 1006）中收集了行为和脑电图（EEG）数据。对反应时间和敏感性的分析揭示了两个亚群体，他们分别在朋友 - 形状或自我 - 形状关联任务中表现得更好（每组N = 216）。漂移扩散模型（DDM）分析表明，在朋友优先群体中，与朋友 - 形状（相对于自我 - 形状）关联的信息获取更快，但在自我优先群体中则呈现相反的模式。对EEG数据进行逐次试验回归分析表明，在刺激后180 - 240毫秒时，额叶/中央活动的更大振幅与朋友优先群体中从朋友 - 形状关联中更快获取信息相关，但与自我优先群体中从自我 - 形状关联中更快获取信息相关。然而，在知觉学习期间8 - 18赫兹的额叶/中央神经振荡特别与朋友优先群体中从朋友 - 形状关联中获取信息的速度相关。我们的研究结果为成年人亚群体在知觉学习中的朋友优先提供了证据，并阐明了潜在的认知和神经机制。
