Kopecký Miroslav, Rimárová Kvetoslava, Dorko Erik, Kikalová Kateřina, Miškárová Simona, Tejová Martina
Department of Preclinical Subjects, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2024 Dec;32(Supplement):42-51. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a8283.
Childhood overweight and obesity has been a major global problem for a long time, with a steadily increasing prevalence of obesity and a growing number of cases of serious health complications associated with childhood obesity. The main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic.
Body height, weight, BMI, and body composition (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, visceral fat area) were assessed in a cohort of 4,475 subjects (2,180 boys and 2,295 girls) aged 6-15 years. Somatic status was assessed by standardized anthropometry and body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. The subjects were classified according to BMI in percentile bands (up to 3rd percentile, P3-10, P25-75, P75-90, P90-97, above 97th percentile). Statistical analysis was performed using the software TIBCO Statistica 14.0.015.
During growth, statistical differences in the proportion of fat-free mass and fat fractions were found between boys and girls. In boys, there is an increase in muscle mass, in girls, there is an increase in the proportion of fat fraction. Sexual differentiation is pronounced during pubertal growth. By their BMI, 10.32% of the boys and 7.36% of the girls were categorized as overweight, and 8.12% of the boys and 7.71% of the girls were categorized as obese. Using bioelectrical impedance analysis and the percentage of fat fraction, 21.61% of the boys and 21.87% of the girls were categorized as obese; 5.96% of the boys and 8.19% of the girls were found to have visceral adipose tissue posing a health risk (more than 100 cm). From 2002 to 2019, there was a significant increase of 3.72% in the overweight category for boys and 1.36% for girls, while the obesity category showed an increase of 3.62% for boys and 4.91% for girls.
The results confirm the increasing negative trend of overweight and obesity in the BMI and the relative body fat categories in children aged 6-15 years. Greater attention and monitoring of the effectiveness of preventive measures is needed to slow and stop the obesity epidemic which has health, social and economic impacts on the entire society.
长期以来，儿童超重和肥胖一直是一个重大的全球性问题，肥胖患病率稳步上升，与儿童肥胖相关的严重健康并发症病例数量不断增加。本研究的主要目的是评估捷克共和国在新冠疫情大流行之前男孩和女孩中超重和肥胖的患病率。
对4475名6至15岁的受试者（2180名男孩和2295名女孩）组成的队列进行身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）和身体成分（去脂体重、骨骼肌质量、体脂、内脏脂肪面积）评估。通过标准化人体测量法评估身体状况，通过生物电阻抗法测定身体成分。根据BMI百分位数区间（第3百分位数及以下、第3 - 10百分位数、第25 - 75百分位数、第75 - 90百分位数、第90 - 97百分位数、第97百分位数以上）对受试者进行分类。使用TIBCO Statistica 14.0.015软件进行统计分析。
在生长过程中，发现男孩和女孩在去脂体重比例和脂肪比例方面存在统计学差异。男孩的肌肉质量增加，女孩的脂肪比例增加。青春期生长期间性别差异明显。根据BMI，10.32%的男孩和7.36%的女孩被归类为超重，8.12%的男孩和7.71%的女孩被归类为肥胖。使用生物电阻抗分析和脂肪比例百分比，21.61%的男孩和21.87%的女孩被归类为肥胖；5.96%的男孩和8.19%的女孩被发现存在对健康有风险的内脏脂肪组织（超过100平方厘米）。从2002年到2019年，超重类别中男孩显著增加了3.72%，女孩增加了1.36%，而肥胖类别中男孩增加了3.62%，女孩增加了4.91%。
结果证实了6至15岁儿童在BMI和相对体脂类别中超重和肥胖的负面趋势不断增加。需要更加关注并监测预防措施的有效性，以减缓并阻止对整个社会产生健康、社会和经济影响的肥胖流行。
