Dika Ferdinard, Dagbasi Mustafa, Adedeji Michael, Adun Humphrey
Energy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey.
Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 26;11(1):e41509. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41509. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Efficient thermal management is crucial for optimizing the performance and longevity of automotive engines, particularly as environmental regulations become more stringent and consumer demand for fuel efficiency increases. This paper investigates the energy and exergy performance of a wavy fin-and-tube radiator employing novel ternary nanofluids (TNFs) for enhanced automotive cooling. A theoretical comparative analysis was performed on four distinct ethylene glycol-water solution-based TNF configurations. TNF 1 (ZnO-AlO-SiO) is made up of all spherical-shaped nanoparticles; TNF 2 (AlO-TiO-MWCNT) is made up of both spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles; TNF 3 (Fe-TiO-Graphene) comprises spherical and platelet nanoparticles; and TNF 4 (AlO-MWCNT-Graphene) has dissimilar-shaped nanoparticles. The radiator's performance is assessed under simulated idle, city, and highway driving conditions to evaluate its operation in various automotive cooling demands. The results showed that, for most of the radiator operating scenarios and base fluid mixture configurations tested, TNF 1 offers the best performance. Additionally, the change in volume fraction for the EG/W (20:80) base fluid only slightly affects the heat transfer rate and exergy efficiency for TNF 1. However, increasing the volume fraction for the EG/W (50:50) base fluid TNFs has a more significant negative effect. In all radiator operation scenarios, the outlet temperature of the TNFs will decrease relative to the intake temperature. Ultimately, the research found that the TNFs would provide improved performance across all conditions, particularly in city and highway driving scenarios when there is a greater need for cooling.
高效的热管理对于优化汽车发动机的性能和使用寿命至关重要，尤其是随着环境法规变得更加严格以及消费者对燃油效率的需求增加。本文研究了一种采用新型三元纳米流体（TNFs）以增强汽车冷却效果的波纹翅片管式散热器的能量和㶲性能。对四种不同的基于乙二醇 - 水溶液的TNF配置进行了理论对比分析。TNF 1（ZnO - AlO - SiO）由所有球形纳米颗粒组成；TNF 2（AlO - TiO - MWCNT）由球形和圆柱形纳米颗粒组成；TNF 3（Fe - TiO - 石墨烯）包含球形和片状纳米颗粒；而TNF 4（AlO - MWCNT - 石墨烯）具有不同形状的纳米颗粒。在模拟的怠速、城市和高速公路行驶条件下评估散热器的性能，以评估其在各种汽车冷却需求下的运行情况。结果表明，对于测试的大多数散热器运行场景和基础流体混合物配置，TNF 1表现出最佳性能。此外，EG/W（20:80）基础流体的体积分数变化仅对TNF 1的传热速率和㶲效率有轻微影响。然而，增加EG/W（50:50）基础流体TNFs的体积分数会产生更显著的负面影响。在所有散热器运行场景中，TNFs的出口温度相对于入口温度都会降低。最终，研究发现TNFs在所有条件下都能提供更好的性能，特别是在城市和高速公路行驶场景中，此时对冷却的需求更大。
