Wei Lingling, Hu Ke, Wang Jiaqiu, Zhang Shuang, Yang Xiaoxiao, Chen Yuanli, Li Chenshu, Lu Xinwu, Ye Kaichuang, Qiu Peng, Zhan Yanqing
Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 6;12:1481336. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1481336. eCollection 2024.
Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome (IVCS) is a common risk factor for deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether employing a porous medium model to simulate the compressed region of an iliac vein could improve the reliability and accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis outcomes of IVCS. Pre-operative Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of patients with IVCS were utilized to reconstruct models illustrating both the compression and collateral circulation of the iliac vein. A porous medium model was employed to simulate the compressed region of the iliac vein. The agreements of times to peak between discrete phase particles in CFD analysis and contrast agent particles in Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) were compared. Furthermore, comparisons were made between the CFD analysis results that incorporated the porous media and those that did not. The results revealed that in the CFD analysis incorporating the porous media model, more than 80% of discrete phase particles reached the inferior vena cava via collateral circulation. Additionally, the concentration variation curve of discrete phase particles demonstrated a high concordance rate of 92.4% compared to that obtained in DSA. In comparison to CFD analysis conducted without the porous medium model, the incorporation of the porous medium model resulted in a substantial decrease in blood flow velocity by 87.5% within the compressed region, a significant increase in pressure gradient of 141 Pa between the inferior vena cava and left iliac vein, and a wider distribution of wall shear stress exceeding 2.0 Pa in collateral vessels rather than in the compressed region. The study suggests that the introduction of a porous medium model improves the hemodynamic analysis of patients with IVCS, resulting in a closer alignment with clinical observations. This provides a novel theoretical framework for the assessment and treatment of patients with IVCS.
髂静脉压迫综合征（IVCS）是下肢深静脉血栓形成的常见危险因素。本研究的目的是探讨采用多孔介质模型模拟髂静脉受压区域是否能提高IVCS的计算流体动力学（CFD）分析结果的可靠性和准确性。利用IVCS患者术前计算机断层扫描（CT）图像重建模型，以显示髂静脉的压迫和侧支循环情况。采用多孔介质模型模拟髂静脉受压区域。比较了CFD分析中离散相颗粒与数字减影血管造影（DSA）中造影剂颗粒达到峰值的时间一致性。此外，还对纳入多孔介质的CFD分析结果与未纳入多孔介质的结果进行了比较。结果显示，在纳入多孔介质模型的CFD分析中，超过80%的离散相颗粒通过侧支循环到达下腔静脉。此外，离散相颗粒的浓度变化曲线与DSA中的曲线相比，显示出高达92.4%的高一致性率。与未采用多孔介质模型进行的CFD分析相比，纳入多孔介质模型后，受压区域内的血流速度大幅降低87.5%，下腔静脉与左髂静脉之间的压力梯度显著增加141 Pa，侧支血管而非受压区域的壁面剪切应力分布更宽，超过2.0 Pa。该研究表明，引入多孔介质模型可改善IVCS患者的血流动力学分析，使其与临床观察结果更相符。这为IVCS患者的评估和治疗提供了一个新的理论框架。
