Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Diagnosis Predicts Colonoscopic Activity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

INTRODUCTION

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel biomarker studied in several autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults but poorly characterized in pediatric IBD (pIBD). We aimed to primarily investigate the relationship between NLR and pIBD endoscopic disease severity. We also examined whether NLR predicted hospitalization, surgery, and therapy response by 52 weeks.

METHODS

We used the Canadian Children IBD Network prospective inception cohort including patients < 18 years old with baseline data from 2013 to 2022. We excluded patients with concurrent diseases affecting NLR. Both Mayo endoscopic score (MES) and simple endoscopic scale for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) were dichotomized as low activity (quiescent-mild) and high activity (moderate-severe). For therapy responses, we examined year-1 steroid- and biologic-free remission. We used logistic regression for binary outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 580 patients with ulcerative colitis and 1,081 patients with CD were included. High NLR was associated with high-activity MES and SES-CD in both univariate and multivariable analyses (odds ratio = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.07-1.97, P value = 0.016; and odds ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04-1.94, P value = 0.026, respectively). We also calculated the best NLR cutoff point to predict MES (1.90, sensitivity = 68%, specificity = 67%, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.67, AUC 95% CI = 0.59-0.74) and SES-CD (2.50, sensitivity = 63%, specificity = 69%, AUC = 0.66, AUC 95% CI = 0.59-0.75) high activity. NLR did not predict therapy response in either ulcerative colitis or CD.

DISCUSSION

Patients with pIBD with high baseline NLR are more probable to have worse endoscopic disease at diagnosis. This highlights NLR potential as a reliable noninvasive biomarker of disease activity. The predictive power of NLR is based mostly on neutrophils and the balance between neutrophils and lymphocytes.