Ao Yu, Jiang Dianming
Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2025 Jan;113(1):e37835. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37835.
Bone defects are difficult to treat clinically and most often require bone grafting for repair. However, the source of autograft bone is limited, and allograft bone carries the risk of disease transmission and immune rejection. As tissue engineering technology advances, bone replacement materials are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of bone defects. Porous tantalum (PT) scaffolds have shown beneficial clinical effects in the repair of bone defects, surface modification of PT to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is the key to optimizing this material. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (PLGA NPs) encapsulating bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) (BPNPs) was prepared by a double emulsion (water/oil/water [W/O/W]) method and adhered on polydopamine (PDA)-coated PT (PPT) that was prepared by biomimetic method to prepare BPNPs-coated PPT (BPPT). The successful preparation of BPPT was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum. Murine calvarial preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cells were co-cultured with BPPT, vitro experiments showed that BPPT promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. BPPT was further implanted into the bone defect of the distal femoral epiphysis of the rabbit. At 4 weeks postoperatively, in the BPPT group, high-resolution CT reconstruction indicated that bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) was near 50%, and the hard tissue section indicated that the depth of new bone ingrowth into the scaffolds was nearly 2 mm. The immunofluorescence staining of bone tissue around the bone defects indicated that the expression of osteogenic-related proteins was higher in the BPPT group than the other groups. Taken together, our results suggest that BPPT promoted early osteointegration, which may provide a novel approach for the clinical treatment of bone defects.
骨缺损在临床上难以治疗，多数情况下需要进行骨移植来修复。然而，自体骨的来源有限，而异体骨存在疾病传播和免疫排斥的风险。随着组织工程技术的发展，骨替代材料在骨缺损治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。多孔钽（PT）支架在骨缺损修复中已显示出有益的临床效果，对PT进行表面改性以诱导间充质干细胞（MSC）的成骨分化是优化这种材料的关键。通过双乳液（水/油/水[W/O/W]）法制备了包裹骨形态发生蛋白7（BMP7）的聚（乳酸-共-乙醇酸）纳米颗粒（PLGA NPs）（BPNPs），并将其粘附在通过仿生法制备的聚多巴胺（PDA）涂层的PT（PPT）上，以制备BPNPs涂层的PPT（BPPT）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱监测BPPT的成功制备。将小鼠颅骨前成骨细胞（MC3T3-E1）与BPPT共培养，体外实验表明BPPT促进细胞增殖和成骨分化。将BPPT进一步植入兔股骨远端骨骺的骨缺损处。术后4周，在BPPT组中，高分辨率CT重建显示骨体积/总体积（BV/TV）接近50%，硬组织切片显示新骨长入支架的深度近2毫米。骨缺损周围骨组织的免疫荧光染色表明，BPPT组中成骨相关蛋白的表达高于其他组。综上所述，我们的结果表明BPPT促进了早期骨整合，这可能为骨缺损的临床治疗提供一种新方法。
