Wolff Axel, Kurina Lianne M, Sainani Kristin L, Tenforde Adam S, Nattiv Aurelia, Fredericson Michael
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2025 Mar;53(3):708-716. doi: 10.1177/03635465241307231. Epub 2025 Jan 21.
A bone stress injury (BSI) is a common overuse injury in collegiate athletes, particularly cross-country and track and field runners. Limited work describes the seasonality of BSIs or the differences in rates and anatomic locations of BSIs in collegiate runners.
To describe seasonally related trends in anatomic locations of BSIs in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I male and female middle- and long-distance runners.
Descriptive epidemiological study.
Data from a 7-year prospective study of 2 NCAA Division I cross-country and track and field programs characterized BSIs over the years 2013 to 2020. Femoral neck, pelvic, sacral, lumbar spine, and calcaneal BSIs were considered trabecular-rich. All remaining BSIs were classified as cortical-rich. Total athlete-years of follow-up were calculated by subtracting the number of days an athlete was unable to run from the number of total study participation days. Annual incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of BSIs by the total athlete-years of follow-up for that year, and monthly incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of BSIs in a given month by the total athlete-years of follow-up for that month.
Participants included 221 collegiate distance runners (114 female, 107 male). There were 154 BSIs across 482 total athlete-years, resulting in an incidence rate of 32 BSIs per 100 athlete-years. The female BSI rate was more than double that of the male BSI rate: 45 versus 20 BSIs per 100 athlete-years, respectively. The highest monthly BSI rates occurred during competitive months, with the lowest monthly BSI rates occurring during noncompetitive months. Tibial and femoral shaft BSI rates peaked during the early competitive phases of each season, whereas metatarsal BSI rates remained relatively constant. Cortical-rich BSI rates varied by sex and seasonal phase, whereas trabecular-rich BSI rates remained relatively consistent.
BSIs were common in collegiate distance runners, especially among female athletes, with higher rates during the competitive phases of the running season. Tibial and femoral shaft BSI rates were highest during the competitive phases and lowest during the noncompetitive phases, while metatarsal BSI rates remained consistent throughout the season. Cortical-rich BSI rates varied by seasonal phase and sex, whereas trabecular-rich BSI rates were relatively constant.
骨应力损伤（BSI）是大学生运动员中常见的过度使用损伤，尤其是越野和田径运动员。关于BSI的季节性或大学生跑步运动员中BSI发生率及解剖位置差异的研究较少。
描述美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）一级男女中长跑运动员BSI解剖位置的季节性相关趋势。
描述性流行病学研究。
对两个NCAA一级越野和田径项目进行了为期7年的前瞻性研究，收集了2013年至2020年期间BSI的数据。股骨颈、骨盆、骶骨、腰椎和跟骨的BSI被认为富含小梁骨。其余所有BSI均归类为富含皮质骨。通过从总研究参与天数中减去运动员无法跑步的天数来计算总运动员年随访量。年发病率通过将BSI的数量除以该年的总运动员年随访量来计算，月发病率通过将给定月份的BSI数量除以该月的总运动员年随访量来计算。
参与者包括221名大学生长跑运动员（114名女性，107名男性）。在482个总运动员年中共有154例BSI，发病率为每100运动员年32例BSI。女性BSI发生率是男性BSI发生率的两倍多：分别为每100运动员年45例和20例BSI。每月BSI发生率最高出现在比赛月份，最低出现在非比赛月份。胫骨和股骨干BSI发生率在每个赛季的早期比赛阶段达到峰值，而跖骨BSI发生率保持相对稳定。富含皮质骨的BSI发生率因性别和季节阶段而异，而富含小梁骨的BSI发生率保持相对一致。
BSI在大学生长跑运动员中很常见，尤其是在女运动员中，在跑步赛季的比赛阶段发生率更高。胫骨和股骨干BSI发生率在比赛阶段最高，在非比赛阶段最低，而跖骨BSI发生率在整个赛季保持一致。富含皮质骨的BSI发生率因季节阶段和性别而异，而富含小梁骨的BSI发生率相对稳定。
